Unit 2 Getting Along

Unit 2 Getting Along

unit 2 getting along

一. 本周教学内容：

       unit 2 getting along. lesson 1

二. 重点、难点：

       单词：

语音：

语法：直接引语与间接引语的转换：

一、如何变人称：

学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：

she said. “my brother wants to go with me.” →she said her brother wanted to go with her.

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：

he said to kate. “how is your sister now?”→ he asked kate how her sister was then。

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

mr. smith said。 “jack is a good worker。”→ mr. smith said jack was a good worker。

二、如何变时态：

直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。

现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：

1)she said. “i have lost a pen.”→ she said she had lost a pen

2)she said. “we hope so.”→ she said they hoped so.

3) she said. “he will go to see his friend。”→she said he would go to see his friend。

但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

①直接引语是客观真理。

“the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.

→the teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：

jack said. “john, where were you going when i met you in the street?”

→jack asked john where he was going when he met him in the street。

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

xiao wang said. “i was born on april 2l, 1980.”

→xiao wang said he was born on april 20, 1980。

④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

he said, “i get up at six every morning。” →he said he gets up at six every morning。

⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：

peter said. “you had better come here today.” →peter said i had better go there that day。

三、如何变状语：

直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that）,如：共2页，当前第1页12

Unit 2 Getting Along

he said, "these books are mine." →he said those books were his.

四、如何变句型：

①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：

she said, “our bus will arrive in five minutes.”→ she said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：he said, “can you swim, john?” →he asked john if he could swim.

“you have finished the homework, haven’t you?” my mother asked.

→my mother asked me whether i had finished the homework.

“do you go to school by bus or by bike?”

→he asked me if i went to school by bus or by bike.

③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

she asked me, “when do they have their dinner?”→ she asked me when they had their dinner.

④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为 “tell(ask, order, beg等) sb. (not) to do sth.”句型。

祈使句变为间接引语的规律

一改 （主句谓语动词）二变 （呼语为间接宾语）三加 （to）四去 （please）如：

“don’t make any noise,” she said to the children.

→she told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.

“bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she.→ she asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

⑤直接引语如果是以“let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如：

he said, “let’s go to the film.” →he suggested going to the film.或he suggested that they should go to see the film.

【巧学妙记】

直接引语变间接引语

（1）引语里的人称变化规律七字诀：一主，二宾，三不变。

直接引语变间接引语，在去掉引号后，凡引号内的第一人称应改成引号外主语的人称。第二人称应改成引号外的宾语的人称。第三人称则保留不变。但应注意不能改变原人称的数和格。单、复数和主格、宾格、所有格仍应与原人称一致，这一原则又叫只变人称不变数和格。如：she said, “i have to look after my brother at home.” she said that she had to look after her brother at home. 引号内的i应与引号外主语she保持一致，应改成she。引号内的my应与引号外主语she保持一致，但应改成所有格her。

（2）直接引语变间接引语口诀：

1）当直接引语为陈述句时，变成间接引语的口诀是：

去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。如：

he said, “my brother doesn’t want to go there.”

he said that his brother didn’t want to go there.

2）当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变成间接引语的口诀是：

直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢它最重要。如：

he asked me: “ do you like living here?” he asked me if i liked living there.

3）当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语的口诀是：

直接去引号，疑问词作引导，语序用陈述，时态、人称考虑好。如：

“what do you want?” he asked me. he asked me what i wanted.