Unit 4 Inventions and Inventors

Unit 4 Inventions and Inventors

unit 4 inventions and inventors

【本讲教育信息】

一. 教学内容：

book 15 unit 4 (i)

学会用动词的被动语态描述物体的使用方法，构成成份和功能作用。

二. 教学重点：

  1. 动词一般现在时被动语态。

  2. 动词一般过去时被动语态。

  3. 动词一般将来时被动语态。

  4. 情态动词的被动语态

  5. 重点词汇

三. 具体内容：

（一）被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中的主语是动词的承受者，也就是动作的对象。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。

被动语态的用法：

1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者时，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，

e.g. printing was introduced into europe from china.

a new bridge will be built here next year.

2）当我们关心动作的承受者但也关心动作的执行者时，用by加动作的执行者。

e.g. the town was destroyed by an earthquake.

英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。[来源:]

时态举例：

1. 一般现在时：

football is played all over the world.

english is spoken in britain, the us and some other countries.

roger, you are wanted on the phone.

2. 一般过去时：

the great hall of the people was built in 1959.

his leg was broken in an accident.

the international was written in 1871 by eugene potter, the french worker-poet.

3. 一般将来时:

more schools will be built in my hometown.

he will be t aken to hospital tomorrow.

4. 情态动词的被动语态

the meat should be kept in a fridge.

rice can be boiled or steamed.

this material must be handled carefully.

text:

the first paper  was    (make) in china in 105 ad by a man called cai lun. the oldest pieces of paper still existed were made in about 150 ad. for over 500 years the art of making paper was       (limit) to china. in 610, papermaking was          (introduce) into japan, and then into central asia in about the year 750. paper made its first appearance in egypt in about 800 but it was  n ot        (produce) there until the year 900.

kites         (know) in china about 3,000 years ago. they were used in battles to transport supplies to soldiers who were in danger.

wheelbarrows          (invent) in the han dynasty. they were used by builders to carry heavy supplies. in a battle, wheelbarrows were used to carry injured or dead soldiers.

gunpowder         (discover) by the chinese who used it for making fireworks hundreds of years ago. it was probably introduced into europe from the middle east.共7页，当前第1页1234567

Unit 4 Inventions and Inventors

umbrellas        (invent) by the chinese. they were made from oiled paper and bamboo. red and yellow umbrellas        (use) by higher class, and blue umbrellas were used by the common people.

soccer         (develop) in england in the 12th century. but hundreds of years before this-around 200 bc- a similar game        (play) at the beginning of the han dynasty in china.

magic squares are a very old type of number puzzle. they      (invent) in china before the end of the 1st century ad. in a magic square, no matter from which direction you add up the numbers, the result is the same.

ex. fill in the blanks with is, are.

camera         often used when people travel.

milk         had as main food for babies.

some advice        given by the professor.

bread           taken three times a day in this family.

the sheep         killed by a gang of wolves.

the ill teeth          taken out by the dentist.

the watches           made in swiss.

many people            hurt in the accident.

police          called at once by the 2 drivers.

（二）重点词汇：

1. switch on

switch the light on, please.

the oven is programmed for the correct time and then switched on.

2. absorb

water is absorbed into the soil.

he was so absorbed by the book that he failed to hear the doorbell.

3. copy

this picture is a copy from xu beihong.

copy the following words into your exercise books.

4. make one’s appearance

she made her first stage appearance at the age of 16.

he has made a number of appearances on television.

5. turn into

the mi crowaves are absorbed by the food and they are turned into heat.

6. no matter

常与what, who, when, which, whose, how 连用

no matter when he comes again, he will be welcomed.

no matter who knocks, don’t open the door.

no matter what problem you have, turn to me.

no matter whose bag it is, it will be kept here until th e owner returns.

7. be made of/from

this bottle is made of glass.

the bag is made of cloth.

butter is from milk.共7页，当前第2页1234567

Unit 4 Inventions and Inventors

paper is made from trees.

8. be used for/by

a saw is used for cutting wood.

a microwave oven is used for heating food.

chalk is used by teachers.

this notebook was used by my mother.

［课堂练习］

用be used for/by  or  be make of/from 补全句子：

1. spoons and forks                      eating in the west.

2. greenhouse                                      keeping the vegetables warm.

3. bamboo                            chinese             writing characters.

4. you’d better use bags                 cloth instead of bags                       plastic.

5. the beautiful lights                        crystal glass.

6. soap                         animals’ oil.

句型转换：

1. cai lun invented paper in 105 ad . （变成被动句）

2. people grow r ice in south china. （变成被动句）

3. china will hold the 29th olympic games .（变成被动句）

4. people must lock their bikes . （变成被动句）

5. gunpowder was discovered by the chinese. （变一般疑问句）

6. very few people will be killed in car accident in the future. （变否定句）

7. tea-drinking was first recorded in china about 2737 bc. （对画线部分提问）

【本讲教育信息】

一. 教学内容：

book 15 unit 4 (ii)

复习被动语态，学会使用被动语态描述事物的使用，构成和功能；学会用情态动词表达怀疑，确定和可能。

二. 本周教学重点：

1. 复习被动语态

2. 情态动词表达怀疑、确定和可能。

3. 重点词汇

三. 具体内容：

（一）被动语态：

1. 一般现在时被动语态基本结构：

主语＋am/is/are＋过去分词

the food is placed in the oven.

they are turned into heat.

2. 一般过去时被动语态基本结构：

主语＋was/were＋过去分词

magic squares were invented in china.

papermaking was introduced into japan in 610.共7页，当前第3页1234567

Unit 4 Inventions and Inventors

3. 情态动词被动语态基本结构：

主语＋can/should/must＋be＋过去分词

school uniform must be worn at all times.

4. 一般将来时被动语态基本结构：

主语＋will＋be＋过去分词

it can’t be a radio because it’s too big to be a radio.

the report will ______ （finish）in two days’ time.

milk should _______ （keep）in the fridge.

white clothes and colored clothes should not _______（wash）together.

school uniforms needn’t ______（wear）at all times.

（二）情态动词：

当不是很确定时，用might或may. （might比may更不确定）

who knows what will happen. you may even have married by then.

it might be a tool for cutting things. i don’t know.

当确定某件事是唯一的可能时，用must.

it must be some sort of toy.

当确信不可能发生时，用cannot.

it cannot be a radio because it’s too big to be a radio.

ex. complete the sentences with might be / may be, cannot be, or must be.

1. this exam _________ too difficult for the students. i don’t think they can finish it.

2. it _________ a book for children. there a re many cartoons in it.

3. it _________ true. i think you made a mistake.

4. mr. smith ________________ in london, paris, or tokyo. no one knows for sure.

5. that _________ john. he is in new york now.

6. did you hear the doorbell? it _______ nicholas. i am expecting him.

（三）read the descriptions about some famous inventors, and guess who they are.

1. he lived in china in song dynasty. printing was invented by him. who was he?

2. he was british. he was born in edinburgh, scotland in 1847. he died in 1922. in 1876, he invented the first telephone. who was he?

3. he is chinese. he went to a university in southwest china to study farming technology. he was called “the father of hybrid rice”

4. these two brothers were americans. when they were young, they started to wonder why birds could fly in the sky. then they  started to make flying machines. they first tried to fly a plane in 1903.

5. he was an american inventor. he was born to a poor family in 1847. his mother taught him at home. he often observed things carefully and he liked to ask questions about them. he studied very hard and made over 1,300 inventions during his life time. one of his famous inventions was the light bulb.

（四）重点词汇：

1. in many big cities in the world, the overuse of cars is thought to be one of th e major causes of air pollution.

over＋名词/形容词，表示“过多，过于”

the over-load truck caused a serious road accident.

she always works overtime, so she has to  leave her baby cared for by her mother.

be thought to be 被认为，被看作共7页，当前第4页1234567

Unit 4 Inventions and Inventors

she is thought to be the top student in our class.

jane is thought to be busy preparing for the exam.

2. however we are also warned not to ask for pretty colors, because the car will come in gray only.

warn

no one warned him of the danger.

i warned her not to get close to the dog but she wouldn’t hear of it.

3. other experts are sure that the future will be happy.

be sure that…

i am sure that smoking will hurt you.

are you sure that john will come this afternoon?

4. if gas is in short supply, the super car will run on water.

be in short …

the cheaper it is, the better. i’m short of money.

on 靠

he finds it difficult to live on his salary.

they live mostly on vegetables from their garden.

5. as a rule, soft fruits like strawberries, etc, are difficult to freeze.

as a rule 一般来说，通常是

as a rule, she goes out early every evening looking for work.

as a rule, we get home at 6.

6. you should  be careful the first time you wash your shirt because the blue color might come out and mark the white part.

come out 开花，出版，退色，计算出来

this magazine comes out monthly.

some flowers have begun to come out.

i washed the shirt twice but the ink still hasn’t come out.

7. observe 观察

i observed a letter on the table.

did you observe anything strange in that boy’s behavior?

［课堂练习］

i. 单选。

1. have you ever       this kind of moon cakes?

  a. eat                 b. eats               c. eating                d. eaten

2. the knives are used       cutting things.

  a. in                   b. to                 c. for                    d. of

3. they are used for      the style of a sh oe.

  a. change           b. changes         c. changing            d. changed

4. –must i stay at home, mum?

  - no, you      .

  a. needn’t           b. mustn’t         c. don’t                 d. may not共7页，当前第5页1234567

Unit 4 Inventions and Inventors

5. she asked them       things about.

  a. not to litter      b. don’t litter      c. not litter             d. no litter

6. i’m not sure      he will come back home tomorrow or not.

  a. when              b. what             c. whether             d. where

7. look. these       be dinosaur eggs because they are the biggest of all.

  a. must              b. can                c. should               d. may

8. –i was told to take umbrella with me.

  --oh, no. look at the sky. it’s sunny and       rain.

  a. must               b. can’t             c. may                   d. needn’t

9. the light in the office is off. the teacher      be there now.

  a. may               b. can’t             c. mustn’t              d. must

10. this kind of sweater is made      cotton.

  a. by                   b. with              c. of                      d. from

ii. 完成句子：

1. 警察阻止孩子们在街上玩耍。

the policeman stopped the children                in the street.

2. 去年他去日本学医。

last year, he went to japan                     .共7页，当前第6页1234567

Unit 4 Inventions and Inventors

3. 她每天早起以便能读英语。

she gets up early every day            she can read english.

4. 这种材料必须小心使用。

this material                        carefully.

5. 肉应该保存在冰箱里。

meat                             a fridge.

6. 这项工作可以下周完成。

this work                    next week.

iii. 连词成句

1. the money/ count/ every evening

_____________________________________________________

2. the children/ take care of /in the kindergarten

_________________________________________

3. english/ speak/ everywhere

_________________________________________________________

4. fresh food / buy/ every day

_________________________________________________________

5. bills / pay/ once a month

___________________________________________________________

6. the note books / hand in / at the end of each week

______________________________________________________