Unit 8 I’ll clean up the city parks.
unit 8 i’ll clean up the city parks.
一. 教学内容：
unit 8 i’ll clean up the city parks.
二. 学习目标
1. 学会提供帮助（用i will, i’d like等）。
2. 学会用i will... 作规划。
3. 掌握多种动词词组的用法。
三. 教学重点难点：
常见的一些短语动词的用法
四. 重点词和短语
1. clean up 打扫干净
2. help homeless people 帮助无家可归的人
后缀：less(表否定)—ful(表肯定)
nameless匿名的 useless无用的
careless粗心的 careful细心的¬
3. give/hand out sth. 分发某物
【即学即用】
⑴at the beginning of a new term, new textbooks are to students.
a. give out b. give off c. given out d. given off
⑵the company has handed a lot of advertisements to introduce their products.
a. out b. in c. to d. away
4. cheer up sb. 使某人振奋
5. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
help (sb.) do / to do sth. 帮助（某人）做某事
6. set up 建立
set up a food bank 建立一个食物储蓄站
【即学即用】
the primary school in that village in 1995 with the help of some young people.
a. was set up b. was put up c. was found d. was made
7. think up sth 想出
come up with a plan 提出一个计划
【即学即用】
the computer is much too expensive. i’ll it.
a. talk about b. think of c. think about d. say about
8. put off sth/making a plan 推迟某事/制定计划
9. clean-up day 清洁日
10. write down sth 写下某事
11. put up = put sth on the wall 张贴
put up sth/advertisements 张贴广告
【即学即用】
li hong wrote the notice and i .
a. set it up b. put it up c. set up it d. put up it
12. call sb up 打电话给某人
【即学即用】
if you have any trouble, be sure to .
a. call up me b. call me up c. rang me up d. b and c
13. be home to 成为……家园，（某地）是（某人的）家共7页，当前第1页1234567
Unit 8 I’ll clean up the city parks.
14. volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事
15. a major/great commitment 一个重大的奉献
16. put sth to use 把……投入使用
17. plan to do sth 计划做某事
18. not only …but also… 不仅……而且……
19. coach a football team for sb 为某人训练一支足球队
20. start a club 开办一个俱乐部
21. use up sth/run out of sth 用完某物
22. take after/be similar to sb
=look like sb 与……相像
23. fix up=repair sth 修理
24. give away sth to sb 赠送某人某物
25. be always doing 总是/一直做某事
26. be proud of 为……而感到自豪
27. work out fine 结局很好
28. hang out 消磨（时间）
【即学即用】
on sundays i always at the net bar with my classmate.
a. spend b. take c. hang out d. hand out
29. make a pen pal website 建立一个笔友网站
30. be able/unable to do sth 能/不能做某事
31. help disabled people 帮助残疾人
32. face the challenge 面对挑战
33. use …well 自如地使用……
34. normal things 平常事
35. a friend of mine(双重所有格)
=one of my friends 我的一个朋友
36. help sb. out 帮助某人解决困难
37. train to do sth 训练做某事
38. understand different instructions 明白不同的指示
39. at once 立刻，马上
40. a photo of sb 某人的一张照片
五. 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. this volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment.这份义工的工作每周花了他们每个人好几个小时的时间，所以这是一个重大的贡献。(section a, 3a)
each of them是指“他们中的每一个”。如果作主语，则谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
知识拓展：
each与every的用法
◎each指一个整体中的每一个，强调个体；every着重于全体的总和，强调整体。试比较：
each has a different book. （强调各有不同。）
here every child at the age of six can go to school. （侧重整体，无一例外。）
◎each可作形容词及代词，而every只能作形容词，但可与-one，-body，-thing等构成复合代词。
◎each用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接，如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of连接，如不可以说every of them，而要说every one of them或each of them。
◎every还可以表示“每隔”，后接基数词加名词，如every four weeks, every three months等，此种结构中的every不能用each代替。共7页，当前第2页1234567
Unit 8 I’ll clean up the city parks.
she had a rest every five minutes. 她每隔5分钟就休息一会儿。
魔力纠错：
街道两旁有许多商店。
误：there are many shops on every side of the street.
正：there are many shops on each side of the street.
魔力解析：
each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物，但是every却总是指三个或三个以上的人或物，不能指两者。
2. not only do i feel good about helping other people, but i get to spend time doing what i love to do.我不仅对帮助别人感到很满足，而且我还渐渐地花时间做自己喜爱做的事情。(section a, 3a)
(1)not only ... but also (also可省略) 意为“不但……而且……”，是一组并列连词，可以连接相同的句子成分或并列分句。如：
i know not only him but also his parents.
我不但认识他，而且还认识他的父母。（连接宾语）
tom can not only sing but also dance.
汤姆不仅会唱歌，而且能跳舞。（连接谓语动词）
◎由于这个词组所强调的是后者，因此连接主语时，谓语的数随后一个主语变化。
not only you but also he knows the answer. 不仅你知道答案，而且他也知道答案。
⑵当置于句首时，not only后面的主谓要倒装，但but （also）后面的主谓不用倒装。
not only has he been to canada, but (also) he knows some canadians.
他不仅去过加拿大，而且还认识许多加拿大人。
not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.
他不仅在学校里教书，而且还写小说。
【即学即用】
⑴—will the foreigners have any problems talking with chinese in qingdao in ?
—i don’t think so. now the young the old are learning to speak english.
a. only; except b. either; or
c. neither; nor d. not only; but also
⑵not only polluted but crowded.
a. was the city; were the streets b. the city was; were the streets
c. was the city; the streets were d. the city was; the streets were
3. “don’t put it off,” says huiping. “become a volunteer today!”“别犹豫”，慧萍说，“今天就来当一名志愿者吧！”(section a, 3a)
⑴put off 意思是“推迟，拖延”。
never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. 今日事今日毕。
they put off the soccer game because of the rain. 因为下雨，他们把球赛推迟了。
you should not put off going to see the doctor. 你不应该拖延，去看医生吧。
⑵become是系动词，表示“变成，成为”，后面接名词、形容词、过去分词等。
she became famous in her city. 她成为她所在城市的名人了。
特别提示
系动词get, turn , grow和become都可表示“变得，感到”，其区别是：共7页，当前第3页1234567
Unit 8 I’ll clean up the city parks.
◎get用于日常用语，后面常跟比较级。
the weather gets colder, and the days get shorter. 天气变冷了，白天变短了。
◎turn指在颜色和性质等方面变得与原来不同。
his face turned red. 他的脸变红了。
◎grow着重变化过程。
it’s growing dark. 天渐渐地变黑了。
◎become是指身份、职位的变化，作瞬间动词时，指状态的变化。
he became an artist. 他成为了一名艺术家。
4. jimmy has run out of money.吉米把钱花光了。(section b, 2b)
run out of意为“用完”，其主语通常是人，表示主动含义，后面跟宾语。
he has run out of ink.他用完了墨水。
i’m afraid we’re run out of petrol.我们的汽油怕是已用完了。
特别提示
run out也是“用完”的意思，其主语通常是被使用的事物，如时间、金钱、食物等，但不用于被动语态，同时其后也不能跟宾语。
his money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花完了。
have you nearly finished? time is running out. 你快做完了吗？时间快到了。
5. i fix up bikes and give them away.我修理好自行车，然后捐赠出去。(section b, 2c)
(1)fix up相当于 repair，表示“修理，修补，整理”,其后跟物件名词作宾语。
my watch sometimes gains and sometimes loses. can you fix it up for me?
我的表有时快，有时慢，你能帮我修修吗？
my mother is too old to live on her own, so we’re fixing up the spare room for her. 我母亲年龄太大了，不能自己生活，所以我们正收拾这个多出的房间让她住。
(2)give sth away 意思是“捐赠，赠送”。
the rich man gave away most of his money to charity.
那个富人把他的大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。
知识拓展
◎give away还可以表示“分发或赠与某物，由于大意而未利用或抓住（时机，机会等）”。
the headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day.
校长在学校运动会上颁发了奖品。
◎give away还可以表示“有意或无意地泄露某事情或出卖某人”。
the woman gave away state secrets to the enemy.
那个妇女把国家机密泄露给了敌人。
6. the strategies that he came up with worked out fine.他想到的那些办法获得了成功。(section b, 3a)
(1)这是一个由that引导的定语从句，先行词是前面的strategies。动词短语worked out在这里作主语the strategies的谓语，意为“产生结果，发展为，结果是……”，后面不可接宾语，主语也不用“人”来充当。
i wonder how their ideas worked out in practice.
我很想知道他们的想法在实践中取得了什么结果。
we didn’t plan it like that but it worked out very well.
我们原不是那样计划的，但结果却很好。
短语链接
◎work on意为“从事”。
professor green is working on a new book. 格林教授正在写一本新书。
he is working on a maths problem. 他正在算一道数学难题。
◎work on后面无宾语时，表示继续工作。
it’s very late, but they were still working on.
时间很晚了，但他们仍然在继续工作。
(2)fine在这里是副词，可与well替换，意思是“好，顺利”。
the machine works fine. 这台机器运行得很好。共7页，当前第4页1234567
Unit 8 I’ll clean up the city parks.
sam is doing fine in his new business.
萨姆在他的新业务中一切进展顺利。
7. ...who has filled my life with pleasure.……使我生活充满快乐的人。(reading)
(1)本句中的fill...with...表示一个动作，意为“用……装满……”，其主语通常是人。
he filled the bag with books. 他在书包里装满了书。
please fill the bottle with milk. 请将瓶子装满牛奶。
知识拓展
be filled with表示一个状态，意为“装满了……”，相当于be full of，其主语通常是人或物。
the room was filled with smoke. 房间里浓烟弥漫。
her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了泪水。
(2)pleasure意为“高兴，快乐”，是不可数名词；表示“乐趣，高兴的事”时是可数名词。
reading gives me great pleasure. 读书给了我很多快乐。
it is one of my greatest pleasures. 它是我最大的乐趣之一。
◎在口语中it’s a pleasure. 是回答感谢的客套语。
—thank you for your help. 感谢你的帮助。
—it’s a pleasure. 不用谢。
特别提示
◎pleased是形容词，意为“自己感到高兴的，欣喜的，满意的”，指以任何方式表现出来或未表现出来的满足与快乐，在句中常用作表语，其主语为人。
the two friends were very pleased to see each other again.
这两个朋友非常高兴再次见面。
i was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me.
使我高兴的是经理已经不再生我的气了。
◎pleasant也是形容词，表示“使人感到愉快/满意”，一般用作定语，如主语是物，也可以用作表语。
it’s pleasant weather today. 今天的天气令人愉快。
it’s very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.
站了几小时后坐下来很舒服。
◎please是动词，表示“（使）高兴，满意，愉快”。
does the cloth please you? 这布料合你的意吗？
8. because i can’t use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telephone, opening and shutting doors, or carrying things have always been difficult for me. 因为我不能灵活地使用我的手和脚，像接电话、开关门、拿东西这样的事情对于我来说都很难。(reading)
(1)本句中的shut意为“关”，在许多情况下可以与close互换，只是后者语气较弱，如close the door关门（也可能指半开半闭），shut the door关门（指把门关紧）。
that shop shuts at eight pm. 那家商店八点钟关门。
he closed his speech with a funny joke. 他用一个有趣的笑话结束了演说。
◎当表示“关闭公路，铁路或交通工具”或作“结束”讲时，只用close。
they have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大雾，那条公路被关闭。
特别提示
turn off用来表示“关闭”有开关的东西，如收音机、电视机、煤气、水龙头等。
please turn off the light when you leave the lab.
在你离开实验室前关掉灯。
make sure the gas is turned off before you go to bed.
确保上床前把煤气关掉。
(2)本句中的carry意为“搬运，携带”，不表示带到什么地方，而携带的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。
she carried a baby in her arms. 她怀里抱了一个孩子。共7页，当前第5页1234567
Unit 8 I’ll clean up the city parks.
he was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder.他扛着一个木箱。
特别提示
在后面 “lucky! fetch my book.”一句中出现的fetch相当于go and bring back，意为“取来，接来”，表示一往一返。
let’s fetch some water. 咱们去打点水来。
people had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood.
为了取木料，人们不得不走许多公里路。
【即学即用】
选用bring, take, fetch, carry 填空。
⑴can i the bag for you?
⑵ me the book tomorrow, please.
⑶please it away.
⑷quick! go and a doctor.
六. 语法：短语动词
一些动词与介词或副词等连用在一起可构成固定短语，其作用相当于一个实义动词，这就是短语动词。
短语动词的特点是动词与副词或介词已成为一体，而且另有一个或多个意义。如：send for=ask sb. to come（去叫某人来），call on= visit（拜访）/ask sb. to do sth.（号召）等。
一般情况下，短语动词在结构上主要有四种：动词+介词；动词+副词；动词+名词+介词；动词+副词+介词。
（一）动词+介词
此类结构相当于一个及物动词，其后面要接宾语，宾语必须放在介词的后面。如：
i called on my uncle yesterday.昨天我去拜访我的叔叔了。
tom is looking for his dog. 汤姆正在寻找他的狗。
（二）动词+副词
在此类短语动词中，有的短语动词作不及物动词，有的作及物动词，如果作及物动词，副词可以和后面的宾语进行位置上的互换，但如果宾语是代词时，则只能用在动词和副词之间。如：
look out! mind your head. 小心！当心你的头。
he puts on his coat. = he puts his coat on .他穿上他的外套。
these words are very important. please write them down.这些话很重要，请把它们记下来。
（三）动词+名词+介词
此类短语动词用作及物动词，短语动词中的名词前可以有形容词修饰。如：
she takes pride in her work.她为自己的工作感到骄傲。
the nurse takes good care of these babies.护士细心地照料这些婴儿。
（四）动词+副词+介词
此类短语动词也用作及物动词，此类结构要求宾语放在介词的后面。如:
he is trying to catch up with us .他极力想赶上我们。
i have run out of my money. could i borrow some from you? 我的钱花光了，我可以向你借一些吗？
【学会应用】
1. could you please tell me something more about paris? i’m _______going there for a holiday soon.
a. looking up b. thinking about c. trying out d. finding out
2. her little sister’s kite is broken. let’s _____ and cheer ______.
a. mend up it; her up b. fix up it; up her
c. fix it up; up her d. fix it up; her up
3. he couldn’t _____ an answer when i asked him why he was late.
a. come up with b. come with up共7页，当前第6页1234567
Unit 8 I’ll clean up the city parks.
c. come out of d. come up about
4. be quiet, and _____ my words.
a. take attention to b. pay attention to
c. take part in d. draw attention from
5. “_______! ” called mr black when he heard the knock at the door.
a. come on b. come back c. come in d. come out
答案：1-5 bdabc
［中考聚焦］
短语动词牵手中考真题
1. we have to our sports meeting till next week because of the heavy rain.
a. put off b. put on c. put up d. put down
（辽宁锦州）
2. it’s cold outside. you’d better your warm clothes, lucy.
a. put on b. put away c. put up d. put off
（山东济南课改区）
3. —great changes have taken place in this city.
—right. many modern tall buildings have been these days.
a. turned up b. put up c. shown up d. fixed up
（湖北武汉）
4. —what are you doing, cathy?
—i’m my cat. i can’t find it.
a. looking for b. looking at c. looking up d. looking after
（北京）
5. the music is too loud. would you mind .
a. turn it down b. turning it down c. turning down it
（四川内江）
6. don’t worry! i’m sure you’ll your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.
a. catch up with b. agree with
c. get on well with d. make friends with
（山东济南）
7. though their parents work in faraway cities to make money, those “stay-home children” can
themselves.
a. look out of b. come up with c. take care of d. catch up with
（浙江台州）
8. 根据中文提示，用词组的适当形式填空。每空一词。（福建福州）
①the physics problem is so difficult that i can’t it （算出）.
②one of my classmates is going to be a policeman when he （长大）.
答案：1~5 aabab 6~7 cc 8. ①work; out ②grows up
共7页，当前第7页1234567