八年级下册 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?教案
【单元目标】ⅰ.单词与短语
collect marathon skate pair since raise several stamp kite monster
globe anyone store cake particularly collector common extra topic
capital thousand quite certain miss
run out of 用完；用尽
by the way 顺便；附带说说
be interested in 对……感兴趣
more than 比……多
make a list of 列清单
thanks for doing sth. 感谢某人做了某事
thanks for helping me.
thanks for your help.
think of / about sth. 想起某事
ⅱ.目标句型：
1. how long have you been doing…?
2. i’ve been doing…since…
3. how long did sb. do…?
4. he / she did sth. for…
5. what do you collect?
6. when did you start?
7. how many do you have?
8. what do you like to collect in the future?
9. what is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby?
ⅲ.语法
现在完成进行时
【重难点分析】
1. 现在完成进行时
构成：
肯定句：主语 + have / has been + doing ….
否定句：主语+have/has + not + been + doing …
一般疑问句：have/has + 主语 + been + doing?
现在完成进行时表达"某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去"，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live，learn，study，work等。
(1) i have been learning english for ten years. 我学英语已经十年了。
(2) she has been skating for four hours. 到现在为止她滑冰已经有四个小时了。 共10页，当前第1页12345678910
八年级下册 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?教案
(3) i have been collecting stamps since i was ten years old. 我从十岁起就一直在集邮。
在这几个句子中，have和has是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在have或has后面加not，have not和has not可以分别缩写成haven’t和hasn’t，如：
(1) have you been doing your homework since this morning? 从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧？
(2) has he been writing the letters to his friend? 他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗？
(3) i haven’t been seeing films for a long time. 我有很长时间没有看电影了。
（表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。）
2. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：
(1) 现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。
如：
i have read a book about birds. （已经读完）
i have been reading a book about birds. （一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去）
(2) 两种时态都有延续性， 但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。
如：
she has been singing all the day. 她都唱了一整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）
3. since, from和for的区别用法
(1) from是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以from短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时, 如：
the movie is on from 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. 这个电影在晚上8点到10点上映。
they chatted at the meeting from beginning to end.他们在会议上自始至终都在聊天。
(2) since则为介词或从属连接词，其后接名词、动名词或从句，表示从某一特定时间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止，依然继续着的事情的开始点，在以此为时间状语的句子中，谓语动词常用完成时。
如：
many things have happened since they came here.
自他们来这儿以后，发生了许多事情。
the teacher said that john had made great progress since last semester.
老师说从上个学期以来约翰取得了很大的进步。
(3) for 是介词，后接名词，可以用来计算持续的时间，表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间，谓语动词常用过去时或完成时，for与一般现在时连用，表示时间一直持续到将来。 共10页，当前第2页12345678910
八年级下册 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?教案
如：
the meeting lasted for hours. 会议持续了几个小时。
i studied the piano for three years. 我学过三年钢琴。
i’ve known her for five years. 我认识她已经五年了。
how long are you here for? 你在这里要待到什么时候?
4. 词语解析
(1)run out of用完, 用尽
he’s always running out of money. 他总是把钱用光。
(2)room 空间 （不可数名词）
there’s no more room for us on the bus. 汽车上没有更多的空间可给我们了。
(3) anyone else 这里的else意思是别的, 其它的, 常放在疑问词或不定代词之后.
what else can you see in the picture? 你在这幅画里还能看到什么？
is there anybody else on the island? 岛上还有其他人吗？
after i’d thanked them i didn’t know what else to say. 当我感谢他们了以后，我不知道该说些别的什么好了。
(4)interested和interesting 两个都是形容词。主语是人时用前者；主语是物时用后者。后者还可以修饰名词，如：
i am very interested in the book.
the book is very interesting.
this is a very interesting book.
(5)think of和think about 后都可以接名词, 代词, 动词-ing形式或疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句.
a. 在表达下列意义时这两个短语可以通用
表示“考虑”时，如：think of / about what you are saying！想一想你在说什么！
表示“对……的看法”时，如：what do you think of / about the film? 你觉得这部电影怎么样？
b. think about表示“考虑；想”，着重“想”的过程；而think of则表示“想起, 认为”。
i’m sorry. i wasn’t listening. i was thinking about something else. 对不起。我刚才没听。我在想其他的事情。
every time i see him, i think of my boyhood. 每次看到他，我就想起自己的童年。
(6)look for和find
look for表示“寻找”, 强调动作; find表示“找到, 发现”, 强调结果; find是look for 的结果.
i looked for my pen everywhere but i couldn’t find it. 我到处找我的钢笔，但是找不到。 共10页，当前第3页12345678910
八年级下册 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?教案
(7)find和find out
find指的是偶然发现, 而find out则表示“查明, 弄清楚”, 经过调查, 探听或询问后查明或发现.
he found a bag on his way back home.
you must try to find out who broke the window.
(8)without 介词，意思是“没有”；后面跟名词或动名词。
the girl can’t do it without your help. 没有你的帮助，这个女孩不可能做好这件事。
the boy went to school in a hurry without having breakfast. 这个男孩没吃早饭就匆匆忙忙去上学了。
综合检测练习
一. 单项选择
1. the flight from beijing to new york ______ at 9:45 am. on friday.
a. gets off b. takes off c. puts up d. gets up
2. --- ______ have you been living here？
--- for ten years.
a. how much b. how many c. how long d. how soon
3. --- _______ did you first skate?
--- two years ago.
a. when b. what c. why d. how
4. i have been skating _____ two hours.
a. in b. at c. for d. since
5. thanks for ____ me the book.
a. gave b. giving c. give d. to give 共10页，当前第4页12345678910
八年级下册 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?教案
6. we all helped him with his english so he didn’t _______ with his study.
a. fall off b. fall down c. fall behind d. fall over
7. mr green _______ in china since five years ago.
a. lived b. has lived c. lives d. is going to live
8. ＿＿＿ is the meeting going to last? about twenty minutes.
a. how far b. how soon c. how long d. how often
9. what shall we do now? ＿＿＿ for a walk?
a. how’s about to go b. what about to go
c. how’s about going d. what about going
10. do you have another way of ＿＿＿ the child?
a. teaching b. to teach c. teaches d. teach
二. 根据所给句子的意思和首字母写单词
1. d_________ say what sb./sth. is like
2. r _________bring or collect sth. together
3. c__________ the person who collects thing as hobbies and so on
4. s_________ give a part of sth. to others
5. f _________the person from another country
三. 阅读理解
a
water is the "life" of our earth. it is in every living thing. it is in the air. it runs through mountains 共10页，当前第5页12345678910
八年级下册 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?教案
nature has a great water system(系统). rainwater finds its way to streams(溪) and rivers. rivers lead to the ocean. at mouths of rivers, fresh water joins the salt water of the cean.
thick water steam in the air becomes clouds and clouds bring us rain. plants and animal’s life depends on water. where there is water，there is life. we have to clean our streams and rivers and do something against pollution(污染) because pollution does harm to the life.
1. we say water is the "life" of our earth because _______.
a. water is in the air
b. water can run everywhere
c. there are living things in the water
d. where there is water，there is life
2. which of the following is exactly the same as what the article says?
a.
b.
c.
d.
3. according to(按照) the article，which of the following is correct?
a. water is in every living thing.
b. water is everything.
c. water is salty.
d. water runs through everything.
4. according to the article，fresh water joins the salt water of the ocean ______.
a. in the valleys b. in the mountains
c. at mouths of rivers d. at mouths of oceans 共10页，当前第6页12345678910
八年级下册 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?教案
5. what does this article say we have to do against pollution?
a. clean the steam.
b. stop air pollution.
c. prevent the fresh water from joining the salt water.
d. clean our streams and rivers.
b
根据上图，选择最佳答案。（共5小题，计分10分）
1. if you want to go from the northwest to city center，you can take bus ______.
a. bus no. 4 b. bus no. 5 c. bus no. 3 d. bus no. 10
2. the first hospital can be seen in the _____.
a. west b. east c. north d. south
3. you may go boating in ______.
a. great lake and the beihai park b. town supermarket
c. the history museum d. the football club
4. bank of china is near _____.
a. may airport b. teachers" college
c. the public library d. the red star cinema 共10页，当前第7页12345678910
八年级下册 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?教案
5. －how many schools can you find in this map?
－________.
a. one b. two c. three d. four
四. 对话连线
i ii
1. hello, who’s that, please? a. oh, i’d love to. thank you.
2. i’m sorry i’m late. b. i like them very much.
3. what’s the date today. c. yes. it’s on the other side of the street.
4. would you like to come to supper? d. that’s right.
5. how do you like the pictures? e. this is mary speaking.
6. it’s a fine day for a walk. f. it doesn’t matter.
7. excuse me. could you tell me the way to the cinema? g. it’s january 15.
五.看图填词
根据图示在下面短文中填写词语，每个空格只能填写一个单词（该词的首字母已给出），使句子通顺、完整，并与图意相符。
last saturday morning mr. lee left h__(1)__ early to go fishing. very soon he got to a lake. he s__(2)__ on the side of the lake and began to fish. the sun was shining b__(3)__ over his head. but he was unlucky. when the sun went down, he still hadn’t caught any fish， so he felt very s__(4)__. he thought that his wife might l__(5)__ at him because he had caught n__(6)__. how to save his face? he became w__(7)__. suddenly he got an idea. he ran to the fish m__(8)__ at once and bought t__(9)__ big fish. then he h__(10)__ back happily，thinking that his wife would say something good to him. 共10页，当前第8页12345678910
八年级下册 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?教案
参考答案
一.
1. b 飞机起飞用take off。
2. c 对时间的长短提问用how long。
3. a 根据答语可知是对时间进行提问。
4. c 四个选项都可以引导时间状语，但in一般用于将来时或否定词和最高级形式后面表示一段时间，而且常用于美国英语，at后接时刻，since后接时间点，而two hours是表示一段时间，故只能选c。
5. b 题干中的for是介词，后面要求接动名词形式。
6. c 落后的固定用法。
7. b
8. c
9. d
10. a of后接名词或相当于名词的词语。
二.
1.describe 2. raise 3.collector 4.share 5.foreigner
三.
a.
1. d 根据短文第一段"it is in every living thing."及第三段中"plants and animals’ life depends on water."可以推断出答案为d。
2. d 综合短文第二、三段大自然的循环规律，并根据常识可以判断出答案为d。
3. a 答案可以从对短文第三段"plants and animals’ life depends on water. where there is water， there is life."所叙述的内容，进行归纳概括得出。
4. c 短文第二段最后一句"at mouths of rivers，fresh water joins the salt water of the ocean."已提供了明显的信息。
5. d 我们从短文最后一句中"we have to clean our streams and rivers and do something against pollution，"可以判断出d正确。
b.
1. b 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. a
四.
1. e 2. f 3. g 4. a 5. b 6. d 7. c
本题考查的是日常交际用语的运用能力。要求给每个句子配位。在理解各句的句意后，运用日常交际用语在不同场合的应答，就能逐一完成。如本题第一句的"hello, who’s that, please?"根据ii栏中e项的答语"this is mary speaking"可以推断出这里电话用语（请问您是哪位）。再如第四句"would you like to come to supper?"（你来吃晚饭好吗？）按照英美人士交际习惯，应该先说表示乐意，并致谢，就不难找到ii栏中的a项应答。 共10页，当前第9页12345678910
八年级下册 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?教案
五.
（1）home （2）sat （3）brightly （4）sad / sorry （5）laugh
（6）nothing （7）worried （8）market （9）two （10）hurried 共10页，当前第10页12345678910