人教新课标:必修4 Unit3 单元重点辅导(通用3篇)
人教新课标:必修4 Unit3 单元重点辅导 篇1
人教新课标:必修4 unit3 单元重点辅导
一、日常口语突破
情感
(1)— what do you think of the lecture? 你认为那讲座如何呀?
— how wonderful. 好极了。
(2)— the party is so fun. 晚会是那么有趣。
— i‘m pleased you are amused at it. 很高兴你被它逗乐了。
二、核心单词例析
1. astonish vt 使惊讶(= surprise sb. greatly)
the earthquake astonished the whole country. 这次地震震惊了全国。
辨析:astonishing adj.令人震惊的;astonished adj.感到惊呀的
2. particular 非一般的,特别的,特殊的
he left for no particular reason. 他无缘无故就走了。
to jane, her diary is a particular friend. 对简来说,日记是她的特殊朋友。
搭配:in particular =especially特别是
3. entertain vt. & vi. 使欢乐, 招待, 款待
we were all entertained by his humorous stories. 他的幽默故事使我们大家都很开心。
they often entertained their friends at weekends. 他们常在周末招待朋友。
i don‘t entertain very often. 我不常在家请客。
派生:entertaining adj. 使人愉快的,有趣:his entertaining silent movies他那逗乐的无声电影,an entertaining story/guess一个有趣的故事/客人。
4. throughout prep. 遍及, 贯穿adv. 到处, 始终, 全部
it rained throughout the night. 雨下了一整夜。
i watched the film and cried throughout. 我看那个电影时从头哭到尾。
5. failure n.失败(不可数);失败的经历,失败的人或事(可数)
failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
i became successful after many failures. 在多次失败后,我终于成功了。
she was a failure as a manager. 她是一个不称职的经理。
6. overcome v. 克服,战胜(defeat);找到解决……的办法)
he has overcome the bad habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸烟的坏习惯。
after hours of hard working, they overcame the difficulty. 经过几个小时的努力,他们终于把这难题解决了。
搭配:be overcome with /by因……不能自持
he was overcome by the heat. 他热得受不了。
7. fortunate adj. 幸运的,交好运的(=lucky)
he is a fortunate man (=a lucky dog)。 他是个幸运的人。
i was fortunate to have a good teacher. 我很幸运,有位好老师。
派生:fortunately adv.幸好(=luckily常置于句首);unfortunate adj. 不幸的(=unlucky) ;unfortunately adv. 不幸的是(=unluckily);fortune n. 运气,财富,巨款
8. mouthful n. 一口, 满口
i‘m so full i couldn’t eat another mouthful. 我吃得太饱了,一口也不能多吃了。
he took a mouthful of fresh air. 他吸一口新鲜空气。
注:不要因以ful结尾而误以为是形容词,这类名词还有handful(一把)等。
9. direct vt. & vi. 导演,指示, 指挥adj. 直接的adv. 直接地
chaplin directed the film. 卓别林导演这部电影。
he took a direct flight to new york. 他直飞纽约。
we flew direct from london to new york. 我们直接从伦敦飞到纽约。
10. outstanding adj. 突出的, 杰出的,显著的
she is an outstanding actress. 她是一个杰出的演员。
he has many outstanding gifts. 他多才多艺。
12. sense n. 官能,感觉,理性vt. 感觉到,理解
she has no sense of time. 她没有时间观念。
he has a good sense of smell. 他的嗅觉很灵敏。
your brother has a good sense of humor. 你兄弟很有幽默感。
the dog sensed that i was afraid. 这只狗感觉到我害怕了。
三、关键短语精讲
1. be content(=satisfied) with…/to do…对……感到满意/满足的
he was content with his work. 他对自己的工作很满意。
the old man seems content to live here. 这个老人似乎很乐意住在这里。
注:content是表语形容词,若需作定语,可用contented,如a contented person /smile心满意足的人/微笑。
2. badly off 穷的,缺少的,处境差
比较级:worse off境况更差,更穷困
反义词:well off富裕,处境好(比较级:better off)
i am quite badly off recently. 最近我经济上很拮据。
his health is worse off than before. 他的身体比以前更糟糕。
he is quite well off, i hear. 我听说他相当富裕。
he is much better off than i am. 他的日子比我宽裕得多。
注:well-to-do life或a better-off life小康生活;well-off family小康之家
3. pick out挑选出,认出,弄懂
please pick out the books that you‘d like to read. 请把你想看的书选出来。
can you pick out your sister in this crowd? 你能在这人群中认出你姐姐来吗?
the box was so dirty that we couldn‘t pick out the directions on the label. 盒子太脏,我们看不清标签上的说明。
真题:this picture was taken a long time ago. i wonder if you can ________my father. (湖北)
a. find out b. pick out c. look out d. speak out
解析:表示从人群中“辨认出”,用pick out,故选b.
4. cut off切断,割下;隔开,断绝;停止供应
mind you don‘t cut your fingers off. 小心别切断手指头。
she feels very cut off living in the country. 她感到生活在乡间很闭塞。
our water supply has been cut off. 我们断水了。
真题:he was in hospital for six months. he felt as if he was ______from the outside world. (安徽)
a. cut out b. cut off c. cut up d. cut through
解析:表示与外界“隔绝”,用cut off (from…),故选b.
5. star in 主演,在……中担任主角
she has starred in some thirty films. 她主演过大约三十部影片。
6. knock into撞上,撞见
the boy knocked into her. 那个男孩撞到了她身上。
i knocked into an old friend of mine in the park. 我昨天在公园里碰见一位老朋友。
7. bump into 碰上,偶遇,邂逅(= meet sb. /sth. by chance)
i bumped into an old friend of mine in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上遇到一个老朋友。
the bus bumped into the car in front.巴士撞上了前面那辆汽车。
8. in search of 寻找,寻求
they came here in search of new markets for their products. 他们来此为他们的产品寻找新市场。
they started off at once in search of (=in their search for) the missing girl. 他们立刻动身寻找那个失踪的女孩。
注:若名词search前有物主代词或冠词等限定词时,多用介词for.
9. be/get caught in a rain / traffic jam遇上雨/交通阻塞
we got caught in the storm. 我们碰上暴雨了。
caught in a rain, he was wet all over. 淋到了一场雨,他全身都湿了。
i was caught in the traffic jam. that‘s why i was late. 我遇上阻车了,这就是我迟到的原因。
10. as if = as though 好像 似乎
as if 引导状语或表语从句时,从句内容若是事实用陈述语气,若不是事实就用虚拟语气(be一般用were)。如:
she talked to me in such a way as if we were sisters. 她那样对我说话,就好像我们是姐妹一样。
he opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak. 他张开嘴好像要说话。
四、重要句型详解
1. all(指事物)+定语从句
指事物的all后只能由that引导定语从句;all后接定语从句时常常有这样两个意思:the only thing或everything.如:
…and all there is to eat is a boiled shoe. 身边所有能吃的东西只是一只煮了的鞋子。
he took all there was. 他把所械亩寄萌チ恕?/p>
all i want is peace and quiet. 我所要的只是安宁。
2. i will be better off if…要是……我的境况就更好了。
i will be better off if i have enough money because i can buy a computer for my lessons. 我要是有钱,我的境况就更好了,因为我可以买台电脑来做功课。
五、课文难句剖析
1. do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road?
剖析:(1)句中find 后的it为形式宾语, 形容词funny是宾补,不定式to see…in the road为真正的宾语;(2)作主语的不定式中有see sb. doing句型,sliding…bumping…falling三个现在分词短语都作someone的补足语;(3)要明白三个词的意思:bump into撞到,碰上;around the corner在拐角处;fall down掉下,倒下。
译文:你看到有人被香蕉皮滑倒,或看到有人在拐角处撞到另外一个人,或看到有人掉进路边一个洞里时,你会觉得滑稽可笑吗?
2. however, some actors can astonish us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing.
剖析:(that) they can inspire in us是定语从句,修饰the deep feeling,意为“在我们身上鼓动起来的深深情感”;(that) they are playing也是定语从句,修饰a character,意为“因为/用他们所演的角色”。inspire…in sb. 鼓动起/激起/唤起某人的……
译文:然而,有些演员能用他们所演的角色在我们身上鼓动起来的深深情感震撼我们。
3. he played a poor and homeless person, who wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat and carried a walking stick.
剖析:这是个长句,who引导一个较长的非限制性定语从句; a small round black hat中的hat前有“大小+形状+颜色”三个形容词作定语,在英语中多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序是:描绘+大小(长短,高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+用途+名词。
译文:他扮演的是一位穷苦的无家可归的人,穿着大裤子,破鞋子,头顶着黑色的小圆帽,手里拿着一根手杖。
六、语法知识归纳
1. 动词-ing形式作表语
(1)动名词作表语,说明主语的内容,指一般性、经常性的动作。如:
his job is teaching english. 他的工作是教英语。(可以说成teaching english is his job.)
(2)现在分词作表语,相当于形容词,说明主语的性质;可有比较形式,亦可被very等副词所修饰。如:
he was very amusing. 他很有趣。
skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比溜冰更刺激。
2. 动词-ing形式作定语
(1)动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的功能;被修饰的名词与动名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系;可用“名词+for+动名词”来表达;动名词通常只能位于所修饰的名词前。如:
a swimming pool (=a pool for swimming) 游泳池
a walking stick (=a stick for walking) 手杖
(2)现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或动作;被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上有主谓关系;可换成定语从句来表达;单个的现在分词作定语,常置于被修饰的名词的前面;现在分词短语作定语,须置于被修饰名词的后面。如:
nobody can stop the running horse (=the horse that is running)。 没有人能阻止那匹奔马。(horse与running在逻辑上有主谓关系)
i know the man standing there (=who is standing there.)。 我认识站在那儿的那个人。(the man与standing there在逻辑上有主谓关系)
3. 动词-ing形式用作宾语补足语。
(1)动词-ing形式用作宾语补足语,宾语与补足语有主动关系,表示“动作正在发生(即处于发生的过程中)”。如:
she caught them stealing her apples. 她撞见他们偷她的苹果。(them与stealing有主动关系;在“撞见”时,正在偷)
(2)试比较以下句子:
i saw the boy climb the wall. 我看见小孩爬墙。(强调爬墙这件事)
i saw the boy climbing the wall. 我看见小孩正在爬墙。(强调爬墙的情景)
七、背景知识介绍
查理-卓别林是著名的喜剧大师,他丰富的肢体语言使他在整个默片时代成为备受瞩目的风云人物,也是默片时代的巨星。他所创造出来的流浪汉夏洛特的形象是家喻户晓,他擅长塑造小人物,通过他们的遭遇来讽刺生活的现实。他的喜剧不但引人发笑,而且引人深思,有深刻的内涵。
1889年4月16日,卓别林诞生在英国伦敦的一个贫民区。他的父母都是喜剧演员,经常在伦敦的游艺场里演出。后来父母离异,生活十分贫苦。由于过度劳累,母亲染上了喉炎,卓别林五岁那年,母亲在一次演唱时,由于嗓音过于微弱,被观众哄下了舞台。管事灵机一动,让卓别林代替母亲演出,卓别林故意用沙哑的嗓子学妈妈唱歌,没想到观众却大为欣赏,报以热烈的掌声。此后,卓别林就开始了他用肢体演出的生涯。
1977年12月25日,喜剧大师卓别林在瑞士科西耶逝世。
人教新课标:必修4 Unit3 单元重点辅导 篇2
人教新课标:必修4 unit3 单元重点辅导
一、日常口语突破
情感
(1)— what do you think of the lecture? 你认为那讲座如何呀?
— how wonderful. 好极了。
(2)— the party is so fun. 晚会是那么有趣。
— i‘m pleased you are amused at it. 很高兴你被它逗乐了。
二、核心单词例析
1. astonish vt 使惊讶(= surprise sb. greatly)
the earthquake astonished the whole country. 这次地震震惊了全国。
辨析:astonishing adj.令人震惊的;astonished adj.感到惊呀的
2. particular 非一般的,特别的,特殊的
he left for no particular reason. 他无缘无故就走了。
to jane, her diary is a particular friend. 对简来说,日记是她的特殊朋友。
搭配:in particular =especially特别是
3. entertain vt. & vi. 使欢乐, 招待, 款待
we were all entertained by his humorous stories. 他的幽默故事使我们大家都很开心。
they often entertained their friends at weekends. 他们常在周末招待朋友。
i don‘t entertain very often. 我不常在家请客。
派生:entertaining adj. 使人愉快的,有趣:his entertaining silent movies他那逗乐的无声电影,an entertaining story/guess一个有趣的故事/客人。
4. throughout prep. 遍及, 贯穿adv. 到处, 始终, 全部
it rained throughout the night. 雨下了一整夜。
i watched the film and cried throughout. 我看那个电影时从头哭到尾。
5. failure n.失败(不可数);失败的经历,失败的人或事(可数)
failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
i became successful after many failures. 在多次失败后,我终于成功了。
she was a failure as a manager. 她是一个不称职的经理。
6. overcome v. 克服,战胜(defeat);找到解决……的办法)
he has overcome the bad habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸烟的坏习惯。
after hours of hard working, they overcame the difficulty. 经过几个小时的努力,他们终于把这难题解决了。
搭配:be overcome with /by因……不能自持
he was overcome by the heat. 他热得受不了。
7. fortunate adj. 幸运的,交好运的(=lucky)
he is a fortunate man (=a lucky dog)。 他是个幸运的人。
i was fortunate to have a good teacher. 我很幸运,有位好老师。
派生:fortunately adv.幸好(=luckily常置于句首);unfortunate adj. 不幸的(=unlucky) ;unfortunately adv. 不幸的是(=unluckily);fortune n. 运气,财富,巨款
8. mouthful n. 一口, 满口
i‘m so full i couldn’t eat another mouthful. 我吃得太饱了,一口也不能多吃了。
he took a mouthful of fresh air. 他吸一口新鲜空气。
注:不要因以ful结尾而误以为是形容词,这类名词还有handful(一把)等。
9. direct vt. & vi. 导演,指示, 指挥adj. 直接的adv. 直接地
chaplin directed the film. 卓别林导演这部电影。
he took a direct flight to new york. 他直飞纽约。
we flew direct from london to new york. 我们直接从伦敦飞到纽约。
10. outstanding adj. 突出的, 杰出的,显著的
she is an outstanding actress. 她是一个杰出的演员。
he has many outstanding gifts. 他多才多艺。
12. sense n. 官能,感觉,理性vt. 感觉到,理解
she has no sense of time. 她没有时间观念。
he has a good sense of smell. 他的嗅觉很灵敏。
your brother has a good sense of humor. 你兄弟很有幽默感。
the dog sensed that i was afraid. 这只狗感觉到我害怕了。
三、关键短语精讲
1. be content(=satisfied) with…/to do…对……感到满意/满足的
he was content with his work. 他对自己的工作很满意。
the old man seems content to live here. 这个老人似乎很乐意住在这里。
注:content是表语形容词,若需作定语,可用contented,如a contented person /smile心满意足的人/微笑。
2. badly off 穷的,缺少的,处境差
比较级:worse off境况更差,更穷困
反义词:well off富裕,处境好(比较级:better off)
i am quite badly off recently. 最近我经济上很拮据。
his health is worse off than before. 他的身体比以前更糟糕。
he is quite well off, i hear. 我听说他相当富裕。
he is much better off than i am. 他的日子比我宽裕得多。
注:well-to-do life或a better-off life小康生活;well-off family小康之家
3. pick out挑选出,认出,弄懂
please pick out the books that you‘d like to read. 请把你想看的书选出来。
can you pick out your sister in this crowd? 你能在这人群中认出你姐姐来吗?
the box was so dirty that we couldn‘t pick out the directions on the label. 盒子太脏,我们看不清标签上的说明。
真题:this picture was taken a long time ago. i wonder if you can ________my father. (湖北)
a. find out b. pick out c. look out d. speak out
解析:表示从人群中“辨认出”,用pick out,故选b.
4. cut off切断,割下;隔开,断绝;停止供应
mind you don‘t cut your fingers off. 小心别切断手指头。
she feels very cut off living in the country. 她感到生活在乡间很闭塞。
our water supply has been cut off. 我们断水了。
真题:he was in hospital for six months. he felt as if he was ______from the outside world. (安徽)
a. cut out b. cut off c. cut up d. cut through
解析:表示与外界“隔绝”,用cut off (from…),故选b.
5. star in 主演,在……中担任主角
she has starred in some thirty films. 她主演过大约三十部影片。
6. knock into撞上,撞见
the boy knocked into her. 那个男孩撞到了她身上。
i knocked into an old friend of mine in the park. 我昨天在公园里碰见一位老朋友。
7. bump into 碰上,偶遇,邂逅(= meet sb. /sth. by chance)
i bumped into an old friend of mine in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上遇到一个老朋友。
the bus bumped into the car in front.巴士撞上了前面那辆汽车。
8. in search of 寻找,寻求
they came here in search of new markets for their products. 他们来此为他们的产品寻找新市场。
they started off at once in search of (=in their search for) the missing girl. 他们立刻动身寻找那个失踪的女孩。
注:若名词search前有物主代词或冠词等限定词时,多用介词for.
9. be/get caught in a rain / traffic jam遇上雨/交通阻塞
we got caught in the storm. 我们碰上暴雨了。
caught in a rain, he was wet all over. 淋到了一场雨,他全身都湿了。
i was caught in the traffic jam. that‘s why i was late. 我遇上阻车了,这就是我迟到的原因。
10. as if = as though 好像 似乎
as if 引导状语或表语从句时,从句内容若是事实用陈述语气,若不是事实就用虚拟语气(be一般用were)。如:
she talked to me in such a way as if we were sisters. 她那样对我说话,就好像我们是姐妹一样。
he opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak. 他张开嘴好像要说话。
四、重要句型详解
1. all(指事物)+定语从句
指事物的all后只能由that引导定语从句;all后接定语从句时常常有这样两个意思:the only thing或everything.如:
…and all there is to eat is a boiled shoe. 身边所有能吃的东西只是一只煮了的鞋子。
he took all there was. 他把所械亩寄萌チ恕?/p>
all i want is peace and quiet. 我所要的只是安宁。
2. i will be better off if…要是……我的境况就更好了。
i will be better off if i have enough money because i can buy a computer for my lessons. 我要是有钱,我的境况就更好了,因为我可以买台电脑来做功课。
五、课文难句剖析
1. do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road?
剖析:(1)句中find 后的it为形式宾语, 形容词funny是宾补,不定式to see…in the road为真正的宾语;(2)作主语的不定式中有see sb. doing句型,sliding…bumping…falling三个现在分词短语都作someone的补足语;(3)要明白三个词的意思:bump into撞到,碰上;around the corner在拐角处;fall down掉下,倒下。
译文:你看到有人被香蕉皮滑倒,或看到有人在拐角处撞到另外一个人,或看到有人掉进路边一个洞里时,你会觉得滑稽可笑吗?
2. however, some actors can astonish us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing.
剖析:(that) they can inspire in us是定语从句,修饰the deep feeling,意为“在我们身上鼓动起来的深深情感”;(that) they are playing也是定语从句,修饰a character,意为“因为/用他们所演的角色”。inspire…in sb. 鼓动起/激起/唤起某人的……
译文:然而,有些演员能用他们所演的角色在我们身上鼓动起来的深深情感震撼我们。
3. he played a poor and homeless person, who wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat and carried a walking stick.
剖析:这是个长句,who引导一个较长的非限制性定语从句; a small round black hat中的hat前有“大小+形状+颜色”三个形容词作定语,在英语中多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序是:描绘+大小(长短,高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+用途+名词。
译文:他扮演的是一位穷苦的无家可归的人,穿着大裤子,破鞋子,头顶着黑色的小圆帽,手里拿着一根手杖。
六、语法知识归纳
1. 动词-ing形式作表语
(1)动名词作表语,说明主语的内容,指一般性、经常性的动作。如:
his job is teaching english. 他的工作是教英语。(可以说成teaching english is his job.)
(2)现在分词作表语,相当于形容词,说明主语的性质;可有比较形式,亦可被very等副词所修饰。如:
he was very amusing. 他很有趣。
skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比溜冰更刺激。
2. 动词-ing形式作定语
(1)动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的功能;被修饰的名词与动名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系;可用“名词+for+动名词”来表达;动名词通常只能位于所修饰的名词前。如:
a swimming pool (=a pool for swimming) 游泳池
a walking stick (=a stick for walking) 手杖
(2)现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或动作;被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上有主谓关系;可换成定语从句来表达;单个的现在分词作定语,常置于被修饰的名词的前面;现在分词短语作定语,须置于被修饰名词的后面。如:
nobody can stop the running horse (=the horse that is running)。 没有人能阻止那匹奔马。(horse与running在逻辑上有主谓关系)
i know the man standing there (=who is standing there.)。 我认识站在那儿的那个人。(the man与standing there在逻辑上有主谓关系)
3. 动词-ing形式用作宾语补足语。
(1)动词-ing形式用作宾语补足语,宾语与补足语有主动关系,表示“动作正在发生(即处于发生的过程中)”。如:
she caught them stealing her apples. 她撞见他们偷她的苹果。(them与stealing有主动关系;在“撞见”时,正在偷)
(2)试比较以下句子:
i saw the boy climb the wall. 我看见小孩爬墙。(强调爬墙这件事)
i saw the boy climbing the wall. 我看见小孩正在爬墙。(强调爬墙的情景)
七、背景知识介绍
查理-卓别林是著名的喜剧大师,他丰富的肢体语言使他在整个默片时代成为备受瞩目的风云人物,也是默片时代的巨星。他所创造出来的流浪汉夏洛特的形象是家喻户晓,他擅长塑造小人物,通过他们的遭遇来讽刺生活的现实。他的喜剧不但引人发笑,而且引人深思,有深刻的内涵。
1889年4月16日,卓别林诞生在英国伦敦的一个贫民区。他的父母都是喜剧演员,经常在伦敦的游艺场里演出。后来父母离异,生活十分贫苦。由于过度劳累,母亲染上了喉炎,卓别林五岁那年,母亲在一次演唱时,由于嗓音过于微弱,被观众哄下了舞台。管事灵机一动,让卓别林代替母亲演出,卓别林故意用沙哑的嗓子学妈妈唱歌,没想到观众却大为欣赏,报以热烈的掌声。此后,卓别林就开始了他用肢体演出的生涯。
1977年12月25日,喜剧大师卓别林在瑞士科西耶逝世。
人教新课标:必修4 Unit3 单元重点辅导 篇3
人教新课标:必修4 unit2 单元重点辅导
一、日常口语突破
建议与应答
①—how about going out for a walk after class?下课后出去散步好吗?
—i‘d prefer to stay at home because it is raining. 因天下雨,我宁愿呆在家里。
②—would you rather go to the movie tonight with us? 你愿意今晚和我们一起去看电影吗?
—i think i‘d better look after my sick father at home. 我想最好还是在家照顾生病的父亲。
二、核心单词例析
1. struggle vi. & vt. 努力,拼搏,斗争
struggle to do sth (=make great efforts to do sth.)努力做某事
…he has struggled for the past five decades to help them.他在过去50年来一直在努力帮助他们。
she struggled to keep back the tears. 她努力忍住泪水。
搭配:struggle for争夺;struggle with /against同……斗争
2. equip vi. & vt. 使(某人)具备条件;装备,配备
(1)equip sb. for/to do sth.使某人具备做某事的条件,使某人能够做某事
your training will equip you for your future job. 你的训练使得你能够胜任将来的工作。
your education will equip you to earn a good living. 你受的教育能够使你能谋上好生计。
(2)equip…with…用……装备……
he equipped his bike with a head light. 他给自行车装上了前灯。
we should equip our children with a good education. 我们应让孩子应到良好的教育。
3. confuse vt. 使某人迷惑;把某事搞乱
they confused me by asking so many questions. 他们提了一大堆问题上,把我弄糊涂了。
her unexpected arrival confused all our plans. 她的突然到来把我们的计划全打乱了。
don‘t confuse austria with /and australia. 不要把奥地利和澳大利亚弄混了。
比较:confused感到迷惑的;confusing令人迷惑的
4. reduce vt. 减少, 缩小, 简化
he is trying to reduce expenses. 他正试图减少开支。
we must gradually reduce the wage gap. 我们必须缩小工资差别。
同义:bring down, cut, cut down 降低,削减
5. supply n.& vt. 供应,补给
we have a good supply of water here. 我们这里供水充足。
the water supply to the room failed. 这个房间的供水中断了。
we supply the market with fruits and vegetables. 我们为市场提供水果和蔬菜。
we supply power to the three nearby towns. 我们对附近的三个城镇提供电力。
注:作名词时一般是不可数名词,但有修饰语时可加不定冠词;另外,表示“供应品,日用品”等时常用复数。如medical supplies医疗用品,office supplies办公用品。
6. whatever
(1)引导让步状语从句 (=no matter what)
whatever you say, i won‘t believe you. 无论你说什么,我都不信。
you have to go on, whatever difficulties you meet. 不管你碰到什么困难,你都要继续干。
(2)引导名词性从句[=any (thing) (that)]
whatever she did was right. 凡是她所做的都是正确的。
one should stick to whatever one has begun. 应当持之以恒。
真题:the poor young man is ready to accept ______help he can get. (全国)
a. whichever b. however c. whatever d. whenever
解析:因选项b和d不能作定语,应排除;没有选择范围,排除选项a;选c,whatever=any(任何)。
7. export vi. & vt. 输出,出口
we export rice but import wheat. 我们出口稻米,但进口小麦。
our factory exports to southeast asia. 我厂向东南亚出口产品。
8. suitable adj. 合适的,适当的,相配的
this toy is not suitable for young children. 这个玩具不适合小小孩玩。
i don‘t think she is suitable for the job. 我认为她不适合这个工作。
this wine is not suitable to my taste. 这酒不合我的胃口。
同义:be suitable for =be fit for适合
三、关键短语精讲
1. born into…family (由于)出生于……的家庭
born into a poor farmer‘s family in 1931…袁博士1931年出生于一个贫苦农民家庭
born into a poor peasant family, he couldn‘t go to college. 由于出生在贫苦农民家庭,他没能上大学。
2. graduate from毕业于
dr yuan graduated from southwest agriculture college. 袁博士毕业于西南农业大学。
注:表示毕业于某专业,用in.如:
he graduated in law from oxford. 他毕业于牛津大学法律系。
3. thanks to (=because of) 由于,多亏
thanks to your help, we were successful. 由于你的帮助,我们成功了。
thanks to you, i was saved from drowning. 幸亏你,我才没淹死。
4. rid…of…使……摆脱……(讨厌或不想要的)
thanks to his research, the un is trying to rid the world of hunger. 由于他的研究,联合国正在使世界摆脱饥饿。
you should rid yourself of that bad habit. 你应改掉那个坏习惯。
5. be satisfied with 对……感到满意/满足
i‘m very satisfied with you. 我对你很满意。
i‘m not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我对目前的情况一点都不满意。
6. care about感兴趣,关心
he also doesn‘t care about being famous. 他对成名也毫不在意。
the only thing he cares about is money. 他唯一关心的只是金钱。
7. lead a…life过着……的生活
he didn‘t want to lead an empty life.他不想过空虚的生活。
they lead an easy life (=a life of ease)。他们过着舒服的日子。
注:其中的lead也可用live替换。
8. would rather宁愿
(1)表示宁愿做某事,直接接动词原形。注意否定式、疑问式及其回答。
he would rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己业余爱好上。
i‘d rather not go there.我宁愿不去那里。
-wouldn‘t you rather live in the country?你不愿住农村?
-no, i wouldn‘t. i’d rather live here.是的。我宁愿就住在这里。
(2)表示“宁愿做……不愿做……”,后接than (do) sth.。
i‘d rather stay at home than go. 我宁愿呆在家里也不愿去。
(3)后接从句,从句谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成时表示过去。
i‘d rather you came tomorrow than today. 我宁愿你明天来,不要今天来。
i‘d rather you hadn’t done that. 我真希望你没做过那事。
真题:to enjoy the scenery, irene would rather spend long hours on the train ______ travel by air. (广西)
a. as b. to c. than d. while
解析:因would rather do a than do b是固定句型,故选c.
9. refer to
(1)指的是,指……而言(mean);与……有关(concern)
you know who i am referring to. 你知道我指的是谁。
(2)提到,谈及,说起(mention, speak of)
i promised not to refer to the matter again. 我答应过再也不提这事了。
(3)查阅,参考,征询(turn to /look at…for information)
you may refer to your notes if you want. 如果需要,可以查阅笔记。
(4)提交(处理),使(某人)找 (send to…for decision /help)
you should refer this matter to an expert. 你应把此事交给专家处理。
10. insist on坚决主张,一定要(后接doing)
he insisted on my going with him.他坚持要我跟他一起去。
i insist on seeing it. 我一定要见到它。
注:insist表示“坚决主张,坚决要求”时,后面的that从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”;但表示“坚持认为”时,用直陈语气。请比较:
she insisted that he was wrong. 她坚持认为他错了。
he insisted that we (should) accept these gifts. 他一定要我们收下这些礼物。
真题:the man insisted______ a taxi for me even though i told him i lived nearby. (江苏)
a. find b. to find c. on finding d. in finding
解析:因为insist后接on doing sth.,故选c.
11. with /in the hope of怀着……的希望
i called in the hope of finding you at home. 我去看你是希望你在家的。
12. used to 过去常常(现在已不是如此了)
he used to walk to his rice fields twice a day, but now he prefers to ride his motorcycle. 他过去一天两次走着去稻秒田,但现在他更喜欢骑摩托车去。
he is not what he used to be. 他已不是旧日的他了。
you used to live in london, usedn‘t /didn’t you? 你过去是住伦敦的,是吧?
比较:be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
you must get used to getting up early. 你必须习惯于早起。
13. (be) rich in盛产,丰富
the country is rich in oil and coal. 这个国家石油和煤资源丰富。
this is a play rich in humour. 这是一部富于幽默的戏剧。
please try to make your speech rich in humour. 尽量使你的发言富于幽默。
四、重要句型详解
1. 倍数+as…as…
using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子,农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食。
this book is three times as thick as that one. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的三倍厚。
注:表示倍数还可用“倍数+比较级+than”或“倍数+the+名词+of”。如:
this book is three times thicker than that one.
this book is three times the thickness of that one.
真题:it is re ported that the united states uses ______ energy as the whole of europe. (广西)
a. as twice b. twice much
c. twice much as d. twice as much
解析:因题干中有as,选项中有twice(两倍),可见是考查用as…as表示倍数的结构,故选d.
2. not all…并非所有的(部分否定)
not all students enjoy working in the fields. 并非所有的学生都喜欢到田间劳动。
not all men can be masters. (= all men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能当头头。
注:(1)all…not易误解为“所有都不”,其实与not all同义。(2)下列句子也是部分否定:
both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。
not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。
he is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。
3. 疑问词+do you think+宾语从句的其余部分?
do you think / believe / suppose / imagine / say / suggest / guess / consider等后面接一个由疑问词引导的宾语从句时,通常要将疑问词提到句首,构成复杂疑问句:疑问词+do you think+宾语从句的其余部分?
what do you think would happen if tomorrow there was suddenly no rice to eat? 你认为要是明天突然没有大米吃,会发生什么事呢?
why do you think jane goodall went to africa to study chimps rather than to a university? 你认为简。古多尔为什么去非洲研究黑猩猩而不去大学?
真题:mum is coming. what present _____for your birthday? (福建)
a. you expect she has got b. you expect has she got
c. do you expect she has got d. do you expect has she got
解析:因为是疑问句,排除选项a和b;do you expect后是宾语从句,只是其中的what present提到了句首,其语序与陈述句语序相同,排除选项d;故选c.
五、课文难句剖析
1. he wants everyone to call him a farmer, for that's how he regards himself.
剖析:本句是并列句,for是表示原因的并列连词;for分句中有一个how引导的表语从句,意为“他就是这样看待自己的”。
译文:他让大家叫他农民,因为他也是这样看待自己的。
2. in 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
剖析:that has a high output是定语从句,修饰rice,即“高产的水稻”;to grow rice that has a high output是不定式短语作定语,修饰agricultural pioneer,即“种植高产水稻的农业先锋”;值得一提的是,在序数词后作定语,通常只用动词不定式。
译文:1974年他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
六、语法知识归纳
1. 动名词作主语
(1)谓语动词用单数
wishing for things costs nothing. 愿望是不花本钱的。
(2)有时用形式主语,且多用于一些固定句式中。
it‘s no use worrying about it.发愁没有用。
it‘s useless arguing(=to argue) with them. 跟他们争辩徒劳无益。
it‘s no good waiting here.在这里等没有用。
do you think it's worthwhile quarrelling with me?你认为和我吵值得吗?
it is hopeless arguing about it.为此争论毫无用处。
(3)有时用被动式。
it‘s fun being taken to the zoo. 被带去逛动物园很有意思。
being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路有时很可怕。
(4)前面有时用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格做逻辑主语。
it‘s a waste of time your talking to him. 你和他谈话是白费时间。。
jenny‘s not going to college is her one regret. 杰妮没上过大学是她感到遗憾的事。
真题:______ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (上海)
a. the president will attend b. the president to attend
c. the president attended d. the president‘s attending
解析:因gave是句子的谓语动词,前面应是主语;用名词所有格加动名词作主语,选d.句意是:总统亲自来参加会议对他们是极大的鼓舞。
2. 动名词作宾语
(1)牢记只能接动名词,不接不定式的动词、短语或句型
动词:allow, permit(允许), consider(考虑), suggest, advice(建议), keep(on)(反复,不停), finish(完成), imagine(想象), practise(练习), understand(明白), appreciate, enjoy(喜欢), miss(错过; 怀念), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), include(包括), deny(否认), forgive, pardon, excuse(原谅), dislike(厌恶), discuss(讨论), report(报道), admit(承认), mind(介意), risk(冒险), delay, postpone (推迟)等。
短语:put off(推迟), can‘t stand(不能忍受), burst out(突然开始), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), give up(放弃), be busy(忙于), be worth(值得), succeed in(在某方面成功), look forward to(盼望), devote…to /be devoted to(致力于), be/get used to(习惯), lead to(导致), get down to(开始认真), pay attention to(注意), refer to(谈到), point to(指向), turn to(转向), object to(反对), equal to(等于, 能胜任), belong to(属于)等。
句型:spend…in doing 在做某事方面花费
prevent /stop /keep…from doing 阻止……做……
how /what about doing sth.做……怎么样?
have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 在做某事方面有些困难
have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艰难
there is no sense in doing做……是没有道理的
(2)牢记接动名词和接不定式意义差别很大的动词或短语
①remember to do(记住去做),remember doing(记得做过)
②forget to do(忘记去做),forget doing(忘记做过)
③regret to do (遗憾地做),regret doing(后悔做了)
④mean to do(打算做),mean doing(意味着)
⑤stop to do(停下来去做),stop doing(停止做)
⑥try to do(设法做),try doing(试做)
⑦go on to do(接着做另一事),go on doing(继续做同一事)
⑧can‘t help to do(不能帮助做),can’t help doing(情不自禁做)
⑨sb. need /want /require to do(需要/想要/要求做某事), sth. need /want /require doing (=to be done) (某物需要做某事)等。
真题:(1)i really can‘t understand ______ her like that. (安徽)
a. you treat b. you to treat c. why treat d. you treating
解析:因understand要接动名词作宾语,you是treating的逻辑主语,故选d.
(2)victor apologized for ______to inform me of the change in the plan. (上海春)
a. his being not able b. him not to be able
c. his not being able d. him to be not able
解析:for是介词,要接动名词,排除b和d;动名词的否定式是在其前面加not,故选c.
(3)the discovery of new evidence led to ______. (上海)
a. the thief having caught b. catch the thief
c. the thief being caught d. the thief to be caught
解析:因lead to中的to是介词,要接动名词,排除b和d;逻辑主语the thief与catch是被动关系,所以用动名词的被动式,故选c.
(4) when asked by the police, he said that he remembered ______at the party, but not______. (北京)
a. to arrive; leaving b. to arrive; to leave
c. arriving; leaving d. arriving; to leave
解析:由语境可知,是表示“记得曾经做过某事”,用remember doing,另外but not是与前面并列的,都作remember的宾语,所以都用动名词,故选c.
七、背景知识介绍
现代农业:中国的传统农业数千年来变化不大。大多数的土地都是由单个家庭来耕作,尽管中国是个大国,但只有7%的土地能用来耕作。从二十世纪九十年代初开始,科学家们就开始开发新技术,而不破坏环境来增加农业产量。未来的农业既要依靠传统方法又要依靠高科技,不仅食物产量重要而且也要爱护环境。
中国农民最大的问题是缺少可耕作的土地,中国科学家们用最新的技术在温室里种蔬菜,这些蔬菜的根不是种在泥土里,而是悬挂在容器的水中。今天,许多蔬菜不是种在菜地,而在种在温室里了,不受风、雨和昆虫的破坏,温度由电脑来控制。