定语从句

定语从句（通用16篇）

定语从句 篇1

ⅰ.选择题

1.i've read all the books       you gave me.

a.which  b.them c.what  d.that

2.there isn't much       i can do.

a.what    b.which    c.that    d.how

3.he keeps a record of everything      he had seen there.

a.he    b.that    c.which    d.what

4.tell us about the people and the places        are different from ours.

a.that    b.who    c.which    d.whom

5.mr john said that suzhou was the first city      he had visited in china.a.that    b.where    c.which    d.what

6.the tv play i watched last night is the best one      i have watched thisyear.

a.which      b.what    c.whose    d.that

7.last sunday they reached qingdao,      a conference was to be held.

a.which    b.that    c.when    d.where

8.①is this the museum    you visited the other day?

②is this museum    you visited the other day?

a.that    b.where    c.in which    d.the one

9.i began to work in beijing in the year      new china was founded.

a.when    b.that    c.which    d.where

10.this is the very film      i've long wished to see.

a.which    b.that    c.who    d.whom

11.there is no difficulty      can't be overcome in the world.

a.that    b.which    c.who    d.what

12.who is the person      is standing at the gate of beijing tourism tower?

a.who    b.that    c.which    d.whom

13.this was the supermarket      i bought this kind of tin.

a.where    b.that    c.who    d.which

14.the house      the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery.

a.that    b.where    c.what    d.when

15.this is the last time      i shall come here to help you.

a.that    b.which    c.when    d.what

16.the house      we live is not big.

a.in that    b.which    c.in which    d.that

17.my neighburs used to give me a hand in time of trouble,      was very kind of them.    a.who    b.that    c.which    d.whom

18.all      glitters is not gold.   a.that    b.which    c./    d.what

19.i now know why mao impresses everyone who meets him the way    he does.      a.which    b.what    c./    d.now

20.beijing,      is the capital of china,is a beautiful city.

a.that    b.it    c.which    d./

21.she was no longer the woman      she was.

a.that    b.which    c.what    d.who

22.that's the hotel      last year.

a.which we stayed       b.at that we stayed

c.where we stayed at    d.where we stayed

23.the doctor did all      to save the wounded boy.

a.what he could  b.he could

c.everything which he could   d.for which he could do

24.anyone      this opinion may speak out.

a.that againsts    b.that against  c.who is against   d.who are against

25.the place      you are standing used to be an old church.

a.which    b.where    c.that    d.when

26.you've made the same mistake    you made last time.

a.as    b.like    c.which    d.that

27.it is not such an interesting magazine      i thought.

a.as    b.that    c.which    d./

28.     you know,he is a famous musician.

a.as    b.which    c.that    d./

29.mr zhou,      native language was chinese,could read and write several foreign languages.   a.whose    b.his    c.which    d.that

30.do you know the actor      you saw playing hamlet is now doing king lear?    a.who       b.whom       c.whose       d.which

31.i took my friend to the summer palace,     we had some photos taken.

a.where    b.which    c.that    d./

32.do you remember the day      your sister was graduated as a master of arts?    a.which    b.on which    c.about which    d./

33.the bus,     was already full,was surrounded by an angry crowd.

a.which of most b.most of which  c.which of the most   d.most of that

34.we all remember the days      we studied together at school.

a.which    b.that    c.when    d./

35.do you know the reason      he didn't come?

a.that    b.which    c.for    d.why

36.i showed the doctor the place      i felt the pain.

a.that    b.which    c.where    d.when

37.he is the only one of the three      got the new idea.

a.who have  b.whom have  c.who has     d.whose had

38.i'm one of the students      well in english in my class.

a.who does    b.who do    c.which does    d.who did

39.this is the baby      tomorrow.

a.after whom i shall look  b.whom i shall look after

c.whose i shall look after  d.after whom i shall look after

40.this is the fastest train      is going to nanjing.

a.that    b.what    c.where    d./

参考答案

ⅰ.

1.d      2.c      3.b 4.a      5.a      6.d

7.d      8.a,d  9.a      10.b    11.a    12.b

13.a    14.a    15.a    16.c    17.c    18.a

19.c    20.c    21.a    22.d    23.b    24.c

25.b    26.a    27.a    28.a    29.a    30.b

31.a    32.b    33.b    34.c    35.d    .36.c

37.c    38.b    39.b    40.a         

定语从句 篇2

定语从句用法归结

一、 何谓定语？

所谓定语，就是对名词或代词起修饰、说明、限制作用的成分。英语中主要有单词、短语、句子作定语。

eg:1、she is a beautiful girl.(单词)

2、there are only 200computers connected to the internet.(短语)

3、there is a man lying outside the door. (短语)

4、she is a girl whom i love.(句子)

注意：单个词作定语放在所修饰词的前面，短语或者句子作定语放在所修饰词的后面。

二、 何谓定语从句?

像4中用一个句子作主句某一名词或代词的定语时，我们称该句子为定语从句。即定语从句在主句中作定语，该从句修饰主句中的一个名词或代词。

其中被修饰的词（名词、词组、代词）称作先行词，定语从句一般出现在主句中先行词的后面。定语从句通常由一个引导词引导，引导词常放在先行词和定语从句之间。

eg:he is the man who wants to see you .

该句中he is the man是主句，who wants to see you为定语从句，the man为先行词。who为引导词，定语从句修饰主句中的先行词the man。

三、引导词的分类

引导词引导定语从句，主要分为:关系代词who,whom,whose,that ,which等和关系副词when,where,why.等。

四、 定语从句的分类

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或事物，该种从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就没有了意义，不能说清楚问题。

eg:he is the man who wants to see you .

该从句为限制性定语从句，把定语从句去掉只剩下he is the man,没有任何意义。后面的定语从句是修饰限制前面的先行词的，使其具有一定的意义，故不能去掉。

非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词做进一步说明、解释，使意思更加清晰明白，去掉之后其它部分（主句）仍然成立，仍然有意义。而且非限制性定语从句与主句之间有个明显标志：即用逗号将其隔开。

eg:mr smith ,who was my first english teacher,retired last week.

该句中的非限制性定语从句，去掉之后不影响主句的意义成立，但有了它，可使主句的意义更加清晰明白。

五、 定语从句中关系代词用法归结：

在限制性定语从句，

（1）、指人且作主语时用who/that

eg: he is the man who wants to see you.

(2）、指人且作宾语时用whom/that/省略

eg: he is the man whom/ that isaw yesterday.

(3）、指人且位于介词后用whom，

eg:this is tha man to whom i referred just now .

(4）、指物用that/which.

eg:this is the question which/that we have had so much discussion.about.

(5)、指物且位于介词后用which.

eg:this is the question about which/ we have had so much discussion.

(6)、指人或物且作定语时用whose

eg:he is a boy whose name is tom.

在非限制性定语从句，

（1）、指人且作主语时用who

eg: mr smith ,who was my first english teacher,retired last week

(2）、指人且作宾语时用whom

mary,whom i love,promoted last week.

(3）、指物用which

eg:the house,which we bought last year,is very beautiful.

(4）that永远不能引导非限制性定语从句

eg:the house,that we bought last year,is very beautiful.(x)

六、 定语从句中引导词如何使用？

使用原则：判断定语从句中的引导词使用关系代词还是关系副词，主要看定语从句中缺少什么成分，如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则使用关系代词，如果定语从句中缺少状语（时间、地点、原因），则使用关系副词。

eg:1、i will never forget the days when we stayed together.

2、i will never forget the days thatwhich we spent together.

分析：在1中，定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，明显缺少时间状语，故使用了引导词为关系副词when.,在2中，定语从句中缺少spent的宾语the days，而且同时又指物，故使用引导词为关系代词that/which.。

eg:3、can you think of a situation where this word can be used?

4、can you think of a situation which is similar to this one?

分析：在3中，定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，明显缺少地点状语，故使用了引导词为关系副词where,在4中，定语从句中缺少主语，而且同时又指物，故使用引导词为关系代词that/which.。

七、 在定语从句中只使用which的情况归结：

1、 在非限制性定语从句中且指物时，

eg:the house,which we bought last year,is very beautiful

2、 在介词后且指物时。

eg this is the village in which i was born.

3、 先行词本身为that时，

eg：the clock is that which tells the time.

八、 在定语从句中只使用that的情况归结：

1、 先行词为序数词（含last）或数词或最高级时或者被这些词修饰时。

eg：the first thing that we should do is to work out a plan,

look at these flowers,you can see the two that you gave me.

2、 先行词为all 、everything、 nothing、 much、 little、 anything、 none 、few、 the one 、only 、any、 no、 one of 等或者被这些词修饰时，

eg:the good man was trying to teach us all that he hnew in this lesson.

3、 先行词既有人又有物时，

eg；they talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they rememberedin school.

4、 先行词分别被the very ,the only 等修饰时，

eg:he was the very person that i was looking for all these days.

5、 在含有疑问代词which或who的疑问句中，

eg:who is tha man that you are talking about?

九、 as 和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别归纳总结：

主要遵循以下原则;

1、 as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句中、句尾，而which只能放在句中、句尾。即which在引导非限制性定语从句时不能放在句首。

2、 as引导的非限制性定语从句时常用来指代主句的全部内容，而which指代主句的全部内容或部分内容。

3、 as引导的非限制性定语从句时常译为”正如”“正像，而 which则常译为“这”。

4、 若主句、从句的句意不一致或者从句对主句内容起反对、排斥、否定等作用时，常用which，而句意一致时，则用as.

eg as is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.

tom was admitted into the college, as we had expected.

the earth, as is known to all,is round.

i gave him a new year card, which he enjoyed very much.

she was married again, which was not expected.

she was late again, as was expected..

the meeting was a success, as we expected

as is often the case ,he was late for school.

定语从句 篇3

贵州省长顺县广顺中学

定语从句是英语学习中的重点，也是英语学习中的难点，要学好定语从句要了解以下几点：

首先，了解什么是定语从句，定语从句是一种用句子作定语，修饰名词或代词的主从复合句，通常直接跟在被修饰名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句一般由关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系代词或关系副词一方面连接定语从句，另一方面其本身又在定语从句中充当某个句子成份。

eg：She is a girl who just can't say no. girl 为先行词，who just can't say no 为定语从句，关系词who 在整个定语从句中作主语。

常见的关系代词who(whom)指人、that 指人或物、whose，关系副词when、where以及why、how。关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

eg： (1)He  laughs  best who laughs last.(who 在定语从句中作主语)（2）David is the boy whom /who you have talked to. (who/whom作定语从句的宾语)（3）This is the window whose glass is broken.(whose作定语)（4）Tell me the reason why you are late.(why 在定语从句中作状语)

到底用关系代词还是关系副词，就看定语从句中缺少什么，如果缺少主语、宾语、定语就用关系代词，如果缺少状语就用关系副词。

其次，应注意定语从句中的谓语动词一般应与先行词保持人称和数的一致。

eg：This is the only one of the students who is from Canada.

先行词  单数

定语从句中的动词时态应根据句意及上、下文而定，主句和从句可用不同的时态。

eg:Where is the comrade whom I saw yesterday.

现在时    过去时

第三，定语从句，分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，关系十分密切，如果省去主句的意思就不完整，该从句不能用逗号和主句分开。

eg:That is a man who found my handbag.

非限制性定语从句是先行词和整个主句的附加说明，关系不是十分密切，若省去，主句的意思仍然清楚，该从句前常用逗号和主句分开。

eg：She was a good mother, who loved her children very much.

需要注意引导非限制性定语从句指事或物时只用which。

eg：The trees near the house, which I planted three years ago, are growing up well.

第四，运用定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词要注意以下几点：

1.介词＋关系词（即关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，如果介词放在关系代词的前面，则关系代词指人只能用whom，指事或物只能用which。）

who is the comrade with whom you shook hands just now?

The boy lives in the house in front of which there is a tall building.

当然，当介词放在从句的句末时，关系代词的用法不受以上限制。

2.关系代词that 可指人也可指物，但在下列情况下一般用that 引导，不用which/who。

1)当先行词为nothing, anything, everything, all, much, little, none, few，等不定代词时常用that，但something可用which。

eg：I can give you all that I can get.

2)当先行词被only, last 等修饰时常用that。

eg：This is the only picture that is inter esting.

3)当先行词被数词、形容词最高级来修饰时常用that，不用which。

eg：That is the longest river that runs through our village.

4)主句中有两个先行词，且一个表示人，另一个表示物，即先行词同时有人或物时常用that。

eg：We talked about the persons and the things that had never happened in school.

人  物

关系代词本身在定语从句中用作表语，用that引导定语从句，但that 常省略。

eg:Our  hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.

6)若句中有两个定语从句，前一个定语从句已用了关系代词which，则第二个定语从句中的关系代词常用that。

eg： Edison set up a factory which produced things that had never seen before.

定语从句 篇4

1. jinan is no longer the city that it used to be.  __________

2. jinan is no longer what it used to be.   __________

3. jinan is no longer the same city as it used to be.  __________.

4. it is well known that the earth is round.  __________

5. as is well known, the earth is round.  __________

6. it was on oct.1st that the new china was founded.  __________

7. it was oct.1st when the new china was founded.  __________

8. this is such an interesting book that everybody likes to read it.  __________

9. this is such an interesting book as everybody likes to read.  __________

10. he found the book that he had lost the day before.  __________

11. he found the book where he had lost it the day before.  __________

12. the mother is always telling her child to study hard, which doesn’t help at all.  __________

13. the mother is always telling her child to study hard and that doesn’t help at all. __________

14. the news that he told us surprised us all.  __________

15. the news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.  __________[来源：高考%资源网 ks%5u]

易混从句对比练习

1. a. ①the young man found the gold watch _______he lost.

c. ②the young man found the gold watch _______he lost it.

a. that    b. in which     c. where      d. there

2. d. ①the company and the effect _______ brought about did great good to our business in western countries.  

a. ②the company and the effect _______ it brought about did great good to our business in western countries.

a. that b. what   c. to which   d. it

3. a. ①use your own mind. never be ready to believe anything _______ other people believe.

c. ②use your own mind. never be ready to believe anything _______ other people believe it.

a. that b. which   c. because  d. when

4. d. ①is this museum_______ they visited yesterday?

a. ②is this the museum_______ they visited yesterday?

b. ③is this the museum_______ they visited some ancient weapons yesterday?

a. that b. where   c. one  d. the one

5. a. ①next month, ______ you’ll spend in your hometown, is coming.

c. ②next month, ______ you’ll be in your hometown, is coming.

a. that b. which   c. when  d. where

6. c. ①yesterday our chemistry teacher asked so difficult a question ________ puzzled all of us.

a. ②yesterday our chemistry teacher asked so difficult a question ________ it puzzled all of us.

a. that b. which   c. as   d. what

7. b. ①this is one of the best films _______this year.

c. ②this is the one of the best films _______this year.

a. have been shown  b. that have been shown c. that has been shown d. which has been shown

8. c. ①_______, paper was first made in china.

a. ②_______that paper was first made in china.

b. ③_______is that paper was first made in china.

a. it is known to us all       b. what is known to us all  

c. as is known to us all      d. that is known to us all

9. a. ①when christopher columbus reached the place _______ is now the usa, he called the people of the new world “indians”. [来源：高考%资源网 ks%5u]

d. ②when christopher columbus reached _______is now the usa, he called the people of the new world “indians”.

a. which b. where   c. there   d. what

10. b. ①the town is no longer the one_______ it was 10 years ago, _______ it was quite dirty.

d. ②the town is no longer ______ it was 10 years ago； _______ it was quite dirty.

b. ③the town is no longer the same _______ it was 10 years ago, _______ it was quite dirty.

a. that; then b. as; when   c. that; when  d. what; then

11. c. ①this is the very way_______ he did the experiment.

c. ②this is the very way_______ he told me yesterday.

a. ③this is _______ he did the experiment.

a. how       b. by which   c. that   d. which

12. d. ①the reason _______ he failed was that he hadn’t taken my advice.

b. ②the reason for _______ he failed was that he hadn’t taken my advice.

a. ③the only reason _______ he could give us was that he failed to catch the bus.

a. that b. which    c. because   d. why

13. c. ①you should put the dictionary _______ you could find it easily.

c. ②you should put the dictionary on the desk_______ you can find it easily.

a. which b. in which   c. where   d. there

14. c. ①it is the house_______ i met the young man.

a. ②it was in the house_______ i met the young man.

a. that b. which    c. where   d. there

15. c. ①it was 7:00_______ i arrived in beijing.

a. ②it was at 7:00_______ i arrived in beijing.

a. that b. which    c. when   d. on which

16. a. ①he said nothing_______ made me angry

b. ②he said nothing, _______ made me angry

c. ③he said nothing, _______ had been expected.

a. that b. which   c. as    d. it

17. a. ①the chicago bulls used to be made up of the best basketball players in the states, _______ are black americans.

b. ②the chicago bulls used to be made up of the best basketball players in the states, _______ black americans.

b. ③the chicago bulls used to be made up of the best basketball players in the states, and_______ are black americans.

a. most of whom   b. most of them  c. most of which  d. most of it

18. c. ①—why did he say so?

—sorry, i don’t understand _______ he said.

b. ②—why did he say so?

—sorry, i don’t understand _______ he said means

a. all what b. what all    c. all that   d. that all

19. c. ①computers must be of great use to ________ do the scientific research.

a. ②computers must be of great use to ________ doing the scientific research.

a. those b. who   c. those who  d. whomever

20. b. ①you can use a larger plastic battle, _______ is cut off, as a pot to grow flowers in.

d. ②you can use a larger plastic battle, _______ cut off, as a pot to grow flowers in.

a. the top b. whose top   c. whose the top  d. with its top

1ac2.da 3.ac 4.dab 5.bc.6ca.7bc8cab9ad 10cdb11.cca 12.dba.13 cc14.ca.15ca 16abc.17abb.18cb 19ca20bd

定语从句 篇5

unit 7 the sea

语法•剖析

关系副词引导的定语从句；引导词前有介词的定语从句

1.观察下列句子：

the place where i went last summer is the mountain tai.我去去的地方是泰山。 

i remember the days when i stayed in thailand.我还记得在泰国的那些日子。

the reason why jack is so happy is that he passed the exam.杰克之所以那么高兴是因为他通过了考试。

我们已经学习了用关系代词that,which,who/whom引导的定语从句。回忆一下规则，我们可以判断，以上的三个句子不可以用这几个关系代词引导。因为，关系代词要在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，而这几个句子中，定语从句部分均不缺这两种成分，所以，应该使用关系副词 where,when 和why。显然，where的先行词应该是表示地点的名词或代词，when的先行词是表示时间的名词或代词；而why的先行词应该是表示原因的名词reason。

2.我们对上面的三个句子作些改变：

the place to which i went last summer is the mountain tai.

i remember the days in which i stayed in thailand.

the reason for which jack is so happy is that he passed the exam.

可以看出，上面的三个句子都需要代词来引导，并作介词的宾语。所以，我们要用关系代词which 或that。但是，that是不能跟在介词之后引导定语从句的。因此，这三个句子都用which来作引导词。

3.介词放在关系代词之前的注意事项：

(1)有的介词是定语从句中词组的固定搭配拆开的结果，即用什么介词由从句中的动词决定。如：

he is the boy who/whom i was talking to.他是我刚才与之交谈的男孩。

→he is the boy to whom i was talking.

(2)有的介词是根据句意添加上去的，即用什么介词由先行词决定。如：

this is the subject on which he made great progress.这就是他取得巨大进步的科目。

he employed 30 men,of whom 12 were from his hometown.他雇了30个人，其中有12个是他的老乡。

(3)定语从句中的词组若是十分密切的固定搭配，一般不可拆开。如：

is this the pen that/which you are looking for?这是你在找的那枝笔吗?

the baby who/whom my sister takes care of is so lovely.我姐姐照顾的那个婴儿是如此的可爱。(4)表时间的“介词+which”=when；表地点的“介词+which”=where；表原因的“for+which”=why。

复习英语中的比较结构

1.比较结构通常有下列表现形式：

(1)表述两者或两者以上在某方面相似：as...as...

(2)表述两者或两者以上在某方面程度不同：not as...as...；more...than...

(3)表述某人或某物在某方面的独特或独一无二：the most+adj.如：

mike is as tall as our p.e.teacher.麦克和体育老师一样高。

i am not as tall as mike,that is,he is taller than i.

我不如麦克高，也就是说，他比我高。

mike is the tallest boy in our class,that is,no one is taller than him.

麦克是我们班上最高的男生，就是说，没人比他更高。

2.几种特殊的比较结构：

(1)表述某人或某物在某方面无与伦比：

won’t find a more...=be the most...　如：

mick is the tallest boy in our class,that is,you wont find a taller boy here!

麦克是我们班上最高的男生，就是说，在这里，你不会见到比他更高的男生了。

(2)表述“越……就越……”：the more...,the more...　如：

the more he eats,the fatter he becomes;the fatter he becomes,the less confident he will be.

吃得越多，他就越胖；变得越胖，他就越没有自信。

(3)表述某人或某物在某方面的程度成倍数关系：

①倍数+as...as：是……的几倍

②倍数+more...than：比……程度强/多几倍

③倍数+the+抽象名词（表示“量度、程度”等意义的词)：是……的几倍　如：

“长江的长度是这条河的三倍”有三种表达方式：

the changjiang river is three times as long as this river.

the changjiang river is twice longer than this river.

the changjiang river is three times the length of this river.

定语从句 篇6

考点9定语从句

1.主要考查的知识点：

(1)关系词的选用

(2)关系词前加介词等的用法

(3)定语从句的时态

(4)非限制性定语从句的用法

2.复习重点：

(1)关系代词和关系副词的用法区别。

(2)掌握只能用that引导定语从句的情形。

(3)掌握介词加关系代词的用法。

(4)掌握as和which引导非限制性定语从句的用法。

3.应对方法：

解题时，首先要确定先行词，根据先行词在从句中所作的句子成分来判断该用关系代词还是副词，并且确定具体用哪个关系词。如果从句中谓语动词为不及物动词，应考虑关系代词前该不该加介词。

定义

1.定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。

3.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as等；关系副词：where,when,why等。关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。如：

harrypotteristhemostinterestingnovelthatihaveread.

分析：thatihaveread是定语从句；novel是先行词；that是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作haveread的宾语。

关系词 指代人或物 定语从句中充当的成分

关系代词 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语

which 物或主句内容 主语、宾语或定语

who 人 主语或宾语

whom 人 宾语

whose 人或物 定语

as 人或物或主句内容 主语或宾语

关系副词 when 时间 状语

where 地点 状语

why 原因 状语

4.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”。

非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

hisbrotherwhoisnowalawyeralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.

他那个现在是律师的哥哥总是鼓励他上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)

hisbrother,whoisnowalawyer,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.

他的哥哥，现在是律师，总是鼓励他上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)

(1)sheisthewoman(whom/that/who)iwantedtoseeyesterday.

(2)i,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.

(3)harrypotterisoneofthebest­sellersthatarepopularwithteenagers.

harrypotteristheonlyoneofthebest­sellers

thatmakestheauthorabillionaire.

1.关系代词的使用

(4)greatchangeshavetakenplaceinchina,asisknowntoall.

(5)toownatvsetineachfamily,whichwethinkwasimpossible20yearsago,nowhasbecometrue.

(6)allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

(7)thisistheverydictionarythatiwanttobuy.

(8)thefirstplacethattheyvisitedinlondonwasthebigben.

1.关系代词的使用

(9)canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?

(10)whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?

(11)theyhavesetupacompany,whichdealswiththethingsthatarerelatedtoenvironmentprotection.

(12)hangzhouisnomorethecitythatitusedtobe.

(13)thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.

1.关系代词的使用

(14)wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.

(15)isthereanyonewhoisreadytohelptheinjuredperson?

(16)theclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenisonthesecondfloor.

(17)asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.

(18)thishouseisnotsuchasiexpect.(such为代词，作先行词；as在从句中作宾语)

1.关系代词的使用

(19)aswaspointedout,thiskindofsubstanceispoisonous.

(20)thisisthebook(which/that)iamlookingfor.

(21)helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.＝helovedhisparentsdeeply,ofwhombothareverykindtohim.

1.关系代词的使用

(22)idon'thaveenoughmoneywithwhichtobuysuchanexpensivedress.＝idon'thaveenoughmoneywithwhichicanbuysuchanexpensivedress.

(23)mikewasastudentattheuniversityfrom1998to,duringwhichtimehestudiedveryhardandwasmadechairmanofthestudents'union.

1.关系代词的使用

规则1：关系代词若在限制性定语从句中作宾语并且前面无介词时，关系代词可省略，其他情况不可省，如：(1)。

规则2：定语从句中的主谓一致问题

(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致，如：(2)。

(2)oneof＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数动词；而theonlyoneof＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数动词，如：(3)。

(3)非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，如：(4)。

(4)关系代词和谓语动词之间有插入语时，谓语动词单复数要看关系代词的指代，如：(5)。

规则3：指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用that的情况：

(1)当先行词为everything,anything,nothing,theone,none,all,much,few,any,little等不定代词时，如：(6)。

(2)当先行词被theonly,thevery,all,much,few,any,little,no修饰时，如：(7)。

(3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，如：(8)。

(4)先行词既有人又有物时，如：(9)。

(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，为避免重复要用that，如：(10)。

(6)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个则用that，如：(11)。

(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，只用that，如：(12)。

规则4：指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用which的情况：

(1)在引导非限制性定语从句时，如：(13)。

(2)介词后，如：(14)。

(3)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用which。

规则5：指人时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用who的情况：

(1)当先行词是anyone,those时，如：(15)。

(2)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用who。

规则6：whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose＋名词＝名词＋ofwhich＝ofwhich＋名词，如：(16)。

规则7：关系代词as和which

在非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。二者的区别主要在于：

(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以插入句中，常带有“正如……，正像……”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，翻译成“这”，如：(17)。

(2)主句中出现thesame,as,such,so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如：(18)。

【注意】当先行词由thesame修饰时，有时也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的意思不同：that表示同一个，as表示同一类。

(3)在以下结构中，一般也用as:as(it)appears,as(it)seemslikely,as(it)oftenhappens,as(it)waspointedout/said/reported/announced,as(it)wassaidearlier,asiremember(it),asiswell­known,asisknowntoall,asanybodycansee等，如：(19)。

规则8：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which。

(1)某些带有介词的动词短语，介词可以提至关系代词之前，但是在一些固定搭配的短语动词中，由于动词和介词不可以分割，因此不能将介词置于关系代词之前，如takecareof,lookfor,lookafter,carefor等，如：(20)。

(2)“介词＋关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词，有时数词或代词也可以放在“介词＋关系代词”之后，如：(21)。

(3)介词＋which/whom＋todo结构。这种结构可以改为：介词＋which/whom＋定语从句，如：(22)。

(4)在非限制性定语从句中，which可作定语，指先行词(短语或句子)所表示的信息，形成“介词＋which＋名词”结构，相当于andin/at/duringthis/that＋名词，如：(23)。

2.关系副词的使用

(1)istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichifirstcametotheschool.

(2)thehousewhere/inwhichilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

(3)idon'tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhelooksunhappytoday.

(4)theway(inwhich/that)heansweredthequestionwassurprising.

(5)chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekitesspreadtojapan,korea,thailandandindia.

规则1：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；when＝表示时间的介词(in/at/on/during…)＋which，如：(1)。

规则2：where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，where＝表示地点的介词(in/at/on/under…)＋which，如：(2)。

规则3：why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，why＝表示原因的介词(for)＋which，如：(3)。

规则4：以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略，如：(4)。

【注意】

theway(which/that)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(which/that在从句中充当宾语成分)

规则5：有时为了表达更清楚，可以在关系副词where/when前加上介词to,from等，如：(5)。

【注意】

一些特殊的先行词如situation,point,case,activity，scene及period,festival,occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语时，用关系代词that/which；作状语时，用关系副词where/when或“介词＋which”。

thereisonepoint(that/which)wemustinsiston.

有一个观点我们必须坚持。(定语从句可还原为：wemustinsistonthepoint,所以先行词point在定语从句中作宾语，故用that/which或省略。)

we'rejusttryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.

我们正努力做到能让双方坐下来对话。(定语从句可还原为：atapointbothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk,故先行词point在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词用where/atwhich。)

3.关系代词/关系副词的选择

用适当的连接词填空

(1)iwillrememberthedaysthatwespenttogether.

(2)june7isthedaywhenwebegintotakethecollegeentranceexamination.

(3)thisistheplacethatwevisitedthedaybeforeyesterday.

(4)thisistheplacewhereheworkedfortenyears.

规则1：用还原法：将先行词放入定语从句中，找到它的原有位置，判断它作什么成分以及判断先行词指人还是指物。

规则2：一般说来，作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词；作状语时，用关系副词或介词＋which；作定语时，用whose。

4.定语从句和其他句型之间的区别

用适当的连接词填空

(1)heissuchagoodboythateveryonelikeshim.

(2)heissuchagoodboyaseveryonelikes.

(3)hesaidnothingthatmademeangry.

(4)hesaidnothing,whichmademeangry.

(5)hesaidnothing,andthatmademeangry.

(6)asisknowntoall,themoontravelsaroundtheearth.

4.定语从句和其他句型之间的区别

(7)newscamethatourclasshadwonthegame.

(8)whatisknowntoallisthatthemoontravelsaroundtheearth.

(9)idon'tknowthereasonhowhehasworkedouttheproblem.

(10)whenyoureadthebook,you'dbettermakeamarkintheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.

4.定语从句和其他句型之间的区别

(11)whenyoureadthebook,you'dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.

(12)itwasasmallvillage(that/which)weknowfrommyfather.

(13)itwasinthissmallvillagethatwegottoknoweachother.

规则1：区别such…as…/so…as…引导的定语从句和such/so…that…引导的结果状语从句

如果从句缺少主语或宾语就是定语从句，连接词用as，如：(2)；如果从句的结构完整，就是结果状语从句，连接词用that，如：(1)。

规则2：区别非限制性定语从句与并列句

定语从句与主句之间用关系词连接，如：(4)；并列句之间用并列连词，如：(5)。

规则3：定语从句与名词性从句

定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，如：(6)；而名词性从句中的连词that在从句中不作任何成分，如：(7)；疑问代词what及疑问副词how可连接名词性从句，但不能引导定语从句，如：(8)、(9)。

规则4：定语从句与地点状语从句

关系副词引导定语从句时，其前面必须有时间、地点、原因等先行词，如：(10)；而疑问副词连接状语从句时，其前面没有，如：(11)。

规则5：定语从句与强调句、状语从句

that在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，如：(12)；而强调句型中不作任何成分，但不能省，如：(13)；在结果状语从句中that也只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。

定语从句 篇7

定语从句



（一） 知识概要 

定语从句并不属于中考范围，但由于作者在多年的教学中体会到，这一语法现象影响了许多学生自学英语。这些学生一般是成绩较好的学生，想进行大量阅读来提高自己的英语水平，但总是碰到一些问题，百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平，无法提高，但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的学生开设的，所以又投师无门。为了解决这部分学生的学习困难，也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路，特用这一节讲述定语从句，不是从语法上讲述，而是从阅读理解方面去讲述。可供同学们在学习时参考。这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用。对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了，如： a good book， 形容词 good 用来修饰书 book。 我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词，这种句子叫做形容词性从句，它起修饰名词的作用，又被叫做定语从句(the attributive clause)。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词，如： do you know the scientist who gave us the talk this afternoon? 这句中的主句是 do you know the scientist? (你知道那位科学家吗?)而 who gave us the talk this afternoon (他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是：你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里 scientist 叫作先行词，而 who 叫作定语从句的引导词。 who 在定语从句中起主语的作用， who 的数与它的先行词相同。又如： you must do everything that i do 这里先行词是 everything， 而 that i do 是定语从句，此句应译为：你必须作我所作的一切。 that 叫作定语从句的引导词，在句中作 do 的宾语。引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词： that， which， who， whom， whose 和关系副词 when， where， why， how。不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。①　that 的先行词可以是人也可以是物。如： a plane is a machine that can fly 这里先行词是 machine 而 that 是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。这句译为：飞机是一种会飞的机器。又如： i like the book (that) you lent me yesterday 这里先行词是 book， 关系代词用 that， 它在定语从句中作 lend (借)的宾语。要注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，即： i like the book you lent me yesterday②　which 关系代词的先行词只能是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如： the book shop is a shop which sells books 这里 shop 是先行词， which 在从句中作主语。又如： the book (which) i read last night was wonderful 这里主句是 the book was wonderful 而定语从句是修饰主句的主语 book， 即我昨晚读的那本书，which 在定语从句中作 read 的宾语，可以省略。③　who， whom， whose who 在定语从句中作主语， whom 是 who 的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，而 whose 则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语，如：the man who visited our school yesterday is an american friend 昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。 who 在定语从句中作主语。又如： who's that woman (whom) you just talked to ? 你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?而 whom 作定语从句中介词 to 的宾语，可以省略，而在现代英语中，句首的 whom 也常常可用 who代替。this is our classmate， mary， whose home is not far from our school 这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。为了便于理解，我们来看看是如何将两句话并为一句话的。

1.　 i saw the man. he closed the door

i saw the man who (that) closed the door

2.　 the girl is happy she won the race

the girl who won the race is happy

3.　 the students are from china they sit in the front row

the students who sit in the front row are from china

(要注意的是先行词是 students 则 who 的数也应看作复数。)

4.　 we are studying sentences they contain adjective dause

we are studying sentences that (which) contain adjective dause 

5.　 the taxi driver was friendly he took me to the airport

the taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly 

6.　 the book was good i read it

the book that i read was good

the book i read was good 

7.　 the people were very nice we visited them yesterday

the people we visited yesterday were very nice

8.　 the man called the police his wallet was stolen

the man whose wallet was stolen called the police

9.　 i come from a country its history goes back thousands of years

i come from a country whose history goes back thousands of years

10.　 i have to call the man i picked up his umbrella after the meeting

i have to call the man whose umbrella i picked up after the meeting

关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：

that was the room in which we had lived for ten years 或可以写作：

that was the room which we had lived in for ten years

he was the man whom(who) you were looking for 要注意的是此句的关系代词 whom 可以用主格取代，而 look for 是短语动词也不可将 for 放于定语从句之前。that 作关系代词作介词宾语时，不能紧跟介词，而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如： the man that we were talking about has come to our school 这时不可用 about that … 请看下面例句：

1.　 the meeting was interesting i went to it

the meeting that i went to was interesting 

2.　 the man was very kind i talked to him yesterday

the man who i talked to yesterday was very kind

3.　 i must thank the people i got a present from him

i must thank the people who i got a present from

4.　 the picture was beautiful she was looking at it

the picture that (which) she was looking at was beautiful

5.　 the man is standing over there i told you about him

the man who i told you about is standing over there



除关系代词外，还有关系副词， when， where， why， 其中 when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如： i never forget the day when i first came to the great wall 而 where 则指地点，如： this is the house where the old man lives 请看下面例句：

1.　 the city was beautiful we spent our vacation there

the city where we spent our vacation was beautiful



2.　 that is the restaurant i will meet you there

that is the restaurant where i will meet you



3.　 the town is small i grew up there

the town where i grew up is small



4.　 that is the drawer i keep my newpapers there

that is the drawer where i keep my newspapers



5.　 monday is the day we will come then

monday is the day when we will came



6.　 7∶05 is the time my plane arrives then

7∶05 is the time when my plane arrives



7.　 1960 is the year the revolution took place then

1960 is the year when the revolution took place



8.　 july is the month the weather is usually the hottest then

july is the month when the weather is usually the hottest 

在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

①　限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如：i was the only person in my office who was invited

②　非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对其附加说明，也就是讲即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句，如： abraham lincoln， who led the united states through these years， was shot on april 14，　1865 at a theatre in washington d.　c.　又如：galileo lived in the city of pisa， where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high

（二） 正误辨析 

［误］ i won't tell you the name of the person who teach me english 

［正］ i won't tell you the name of the person who teaches me english 

［析］ 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从它本身看不出其数的形式，这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who 应由 the person 单数决定，应该用单数谓语动词。又如：i who am a student want to find a spare time job这里的 who 应与 i 是一致的，所以其谓语动词应该用am。

［误］ we talked about the things and the people who we met during the second world war 

［正］ we talked about the things and the people that we met during the second world war 

［析］ 这里的关系代词不要用 who， 因为其先行词有两个一个是 things (物)，而另一个是people (人)，这时既不可用 who， 又不可用 which， 因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下，而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下，所以只能用 that， 因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。

［误］ the book， that i bought yesterday， was very good

［正］ the book， which i bought yesterday， was very good 

［析］ 先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时，即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中 which， when， who， whom， where， when， whose 等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样，而独有 that 不易用于非限制性定语从句。

［误］ the dictionary which i lent it yesterday is a very useful tool 

［正］ the dictionary which i lent yesterday is a very useful tool 

［析］ 关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的，它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。

［误］ the teacher i want to learn english from is the one which comes from america

［正］ the teacher i want to learn english from is the one who comes from america

［析］ the one， anyone， those 作代词并且是指某人、物时，其关系代词不能用 which 应用 who。

［误］ this is the room in that the old man lives 

［正］ this is the room in which the old man lives 

［正］ this is the room which the old man lives in 

［正］ this is the room that the old man lives in 

［析］ that 不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用 that 作引导词，而且可以省略。如： this is the room the old man lives in

［误］ i can do everything which is good for you 

［正］ i can do everything that is good for you 

［析］ 在先行词是 all， much， little， something， everything， anything， nothing， none， the one 等不定代词时，虽然它们指的是物体，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定语从句的引导词。

［误］ the only thing which the students can do is studying hard 

［正］ the only thing that the students can do is studying hard 

［析］ 在先行词前有 only， any， few， little， no， all， one of 等词修饰时，虽然先行词指的是物，也不要用 which 作关系代词，而要用 that。

［误］ this is the first american film which i've ever seen 

［正］ this is the first american film that i've ever seen 

［析］ 在先行词是序数词，或由序数词修饰时，其关系代词不可用 which 这样的用法还有在形容词最高级修饰的先行词之后，如： this is the best book that i have ever seen

［误］ he is from africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin 

［正］ he is from africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin 

［析］ 当 as 或 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，它可能没有明确的先行词，它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例题应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可以从其肤色上看出的。

定语从句 篇8

1. chan’s restaurant on baker street, _______ used to be poorlyrun, is now a successful business. (浙江)

a.that         b. which      c. who      d. where

2. jim passed the driving test, _______ surprised everybody inthe office. (浙江)

a.which    b.that               c.this            d.it

3. her sister has become a lawyer, _______ she wanted to be.(湖北)

a. who    b.that          c.what                     d. which

4. anyway, that evening, _______ i’ll tell you more about later,i ended up staying at rachel’s place. (浙江)

a.when          b.where            c.what     d. which

5. york, _______ last year, is a nice old city. (北京)

a. that i visited                 b. which ivisited     

c. where i visited             d. in which i visited

6.he paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of____hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

athese    bthose     cthat    d which

7. i shall never those years____ i lived in the country with thefarmers,____ has a great effect on mylife.

athat/which    b when/ which   cwhich/that   d when/ who

8. the old lady had one son and two daughters,_____ treated herwell,

____ made her very sad.

a no one of whom;as     b none of whom; that

c none of whom;which    d noneof them; which

9. dorothy was always speaking highly her role in the play,_____of

course made the others unhappy.

awho    bwhich    cthis      d what

10. by serving others, a person focuse on someone other thanhimself or herself,_____ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.

a who    bwhich    cwhat    d that

11(09全国1)she brought with her three friends, none of ____ i had ever met before.

a.them         b.who           c. whom         d.these

12(09全国2)my friend showed me round the town, ______was vey kind of him.

a. which         b. that          c. where          d.it

13(北京)-----what do you think of teaching, bob?

-----i find it fun and challenging . it is a job ____ you are doing something 

serious but interesting.

a.where      b. which             c.when           d.that

14(09湖南)i was born in new orleans, louisiana, a city _____name will create a 

picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.

a.which     b.of which      c.that            d.whose

15(09湖南)gun control is a subject _____americans have argued for a long time

a.of which     b.with which        c.about which     d.into which

16(09重庆)life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond 

ourselves.a.why      b.what       c.that          d.where

17(09山东)whenever i met her ,______ was fairly often, she greeted me with a 

sweet smile. a.who       b.which      c.when         d.that

18(09福建)it’s helplful to put children in a situation ____they can see themselves 

differently.    a.that     b.when      c.which       d.where

19(09安徽)many children, ____parents are away working in big cities, are taken 

good care of in the village.

a.their  b.whose   c.of them  d.with whom

20(09天津)a person _____e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or 

receive any e-mails.

a.who    b.whom     c.whose      d.whoever

定语从句 篇9

学科 英语 课题 专项复习宾语从句 

4.28 二.知识运用：中考热点习题（一）

1 the girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.

a. took b. take c. takes d. will take

2 catherine said that she ___ to guangzhou.

a. has never gone b. had never gone c. has never been d. had never been

3 the students want to know whether they___ dictionary today.

a. had  b. has c. will have d. are

4 she asked linda if___ go and get some.

a. could she b. she could c. she can d. she may

5 linda said the moon___ round the earth.

a. travelled b. has travelled c. travells d. had travelled

习题（二）

1 can you tell me___ you were born, betty?

a. who b. what c. when d. that

2 i don't know ___ they have passed the exam.

a. what b. if c. when d. where

3 i hardly understand. ___ he has told me.

a. that b. what c. which d. who

4 she didn't know___ back soon.

a. whether he would be   b. if would he be   c. he will be

5. i don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.

a. whether b where c. what d. when

6. do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?

a. what b when c why d how

三 .小结：宾语从句用法

四 .作业：完成今天的课时作业

课型 新 课时 1 教案序号  修改日期   

学 习

目 标 1.专项复习宾语从句用法

2.通过复习形宾语从句的构成及用法,达到灵活运用各种知识的能力

3.通过自主合作,培养学生合作意识,团结协作精神.  

重 点

难 点 重点:宾语从句用法

难点:宾语从句的时态  

内      容      设      计       区   导学设计、

错题更正区  

一.语法聚焦：宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。　　宾语从句常由that引导，在口语中常省略。当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响，按需要可以使用任何时态。如：

she says (that) she works from monday to friday.

she says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.

当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理（事实）时，宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如：

the teacher told us(that) nothing    difficult if you put your heart into it.

（is  was）　老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。

引出名词性从句的连词whether和if，在引出宾语从句时，用法和意义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句，而whether除了引出宾语从句外，还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。例如：

we don't know whether (if) it is right.

the question is whether she should do that. 作            成分

whether it is true remains a question. 试比较：

i don't know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实。      从句

i shall go there if i have time. 如果我有时间，我将到那儿去。    从句。 

定语从句 篇10

时间： 09__年__10_月__13__日 星期_二__ 北大附中河南分校 王萍

学习目标：

teaching aims:  

1. help ss to understand what attributive clause is and itsfunction.

2. help ss to use “who, whom, that, which, whose, when, where”in attributive clauseproperly.            

学习难点：                               

distinguish the relative pronouns and relative adverb “who,whom, that, which, whose, when,where”         .

预见性问题：

1.     distinguish the relative pronouns and relative adverb

2.     find the key words

教学方法：

discussing in groups , students’explaination   

教学过程：

step 1 greeting and show time ( 3分钟)

greeting everyone as uaual

show time then common it by students

step 2 review the grammar (3分钟)

ask some students write the grammar’spoints

step 3 explaning grammar

1 doing exercises by studens(10分钟)

2 find out the puzzle then explaned bystudents

3. write the number of puzzle on theblackboard

学生代表讲解（15分钟）

教师精讲拓展（15分钟）

1. dorothy was always speaking highly of her rolein the play, ________,of course , made the othersunhappy.  （全国）

a.who   b.which　　c.this   d.what                

2. the result of the experiment was very good,_____ we hadn't expected. （北京春季）

a. when 　　　 b. that 　  c. which　　    d.what

3. it was an exciting moment for these footballfans this year, ________ for the first time in years their team wonthe world cup. （北京春季）

a. that 　　　　 b. while 　　　c. which 　　　d.when

4. the film brought the hours back to me_________ iwas taken good care of in that far-away village. （01全国）

a.until    b.that           c.when       d.where

5. _________is known to everybody, the moon travelsround the earth once every month.  （01全国）

a.it     b.as             c. that              d.what

6. john said he’d been working in the office for anhour, _______ was true.  （01北京春季）

a.he           b.this           c.which   d.who

7. we will be shown around the city: schools,museums, and some other places,  ______ other visitors seldom go.  （02北京）

a.what                     b.which      c.where      d. when

8. the famous basketball star,       triedto make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. （02北京春季）

a.where      b.when      c.which      d. who

10. — are you still thinking about yesterday’sgame?

— oh, that’s             . （03北京春季）

a what makes me feel excited  bwhatever ifeel excited about

c.how i feel aboutit      d.when i feel excited

11. we are living in an age        manythings are done on computer.  （03北京春季）

a.which        b.that                c.whose  d.when

12. anyway, that evening, ____ i’ll tell you moreabout later, i ended up staying at rachel’splace.  （04浙江）

a.when       b.where     c.what      d. which

13.  ________ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan. （04江苏）

a.which          b.when       c. what      d.as

14. george orwell, ______ was eric arthur, wrotemany political novels and essays. (04北京）

a the realname          b what his realname                                

c his realname           d whose real name

15. helen was much kinder to her youngest son thanto the others, ______, of course, made the others envyhim.  （04天津）

a who   bthat              cwhat                  d which

16. i work in a business ________ almost everyoneis waiting for a great chance.  （04湖南）

a. how  b. which    c.where           d. that

17. there was         time         ihated to go to school.  （04湖北）

a.a; that   b.a; when  c.the;that   d.the; when

18. there are twobuildings,        stands nearly a hundred feethigh.  （04湖北）

a.the larger                                      b.the larger of them

c.the larger one that                        d.the larger of which

19. the factory produces half a million pairs ofshoes every year,80%       are sold abroad.  （04辽宁）

a.of which       b.which of        c.of them    d.of that

23. if a shop has chairs ________ women can parktheir men, women will spend more time in the shop. （05上海卷）

a. that           b.which              c.when               d. where     

26. i walked in our garden, _______ tom and jimwere tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （05辽宁卷）

a.which              b.when         c.where            d.that

27. do you still remember the chicken farm ________we visited three months ago?  （05北京春季）

a. where            b. when              c. that                d. what

28 she bought with he thee fiends, none of_____ i had eve metbefore.

(09全国Ⅰ)

athem          bwho          cwhom        d these

29 my fiend showed me round the town,_______ was very kind ofhim.

(09全国二卷)

a.which         b.that          c.where         dit

30 gun contol is a subject      ameicanshave argued for a long time.

（09陕西）

a.ofwhich      b.with which    c.aboutwhich    dinto which

31.life is like alongrace     we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.（09重庆）

a.why           b.what          c.that         d.where

32.whenever i mether,      was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.（09山东）

a.who           b.which          c.when       d.that

33.i travel to the binhai new area by light railway everyday,      do many businessmen who live in downtown tianjin. (09天津)

a.as             b.which          c.when       d.though

step 4 assesment and homework（1分钟）

选出优秀小组和个人以资鼓励

record after teaching:

定语从句 篇11

英语词法专题讲座十八：定语从句一、定语从句（一）：1. 定语从句的概念：  在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2. 先行词：  被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3. 关系词：  引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语二、定语从句（二）1. 先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。1). 当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。there is nothing ______ i can do for you.2). 当先行词被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。this is the very book ______ i’m looking for.3). 先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that。this is the first nextbook ______ i studied in the middle school.4). 先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。this is the most beautiful mountain ______ i have ever seen.=i have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.5). 先行词既有人也有物时，只能that。he told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had.2. 先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。1). 关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which。this is the building in ______ he lives.2). 先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which。the clock is that _____ tells the time.3). 引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。his book, ______ was lost last week, has been found now.3. 先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。1). 当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who。those ______ are singing are all my classmates.2). 在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。there is a girl ______ expects to see you.3). 当先行词是i、you、he、they等时，只能用who。he ______ plays with fire gets burned.三、定语从句（三）。  由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。where =  in / at +which     when = in / on / at +which   why = for + which 1. 由where引导的定语从句。1). 先行词是表示地点的名词     2). 在定语从句中作地点状语is this the house ______ you lived? =  is this the house _____ _____ you lived?= is this the house _____ you lived in?2. 由when引导的定语从句。1). 先行词是表示时间的名词      2). 在定语从句中作时间状语i will never forget the days ______ i met him.= i will never forget the days ____ ____ i met him.注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。when was the last time you saw the parrot?3. 由why引导的定语从句。  先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。we don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come.四、注意事项：1. 关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。the story _____ he told was very popular.a. who   b. whom    c. whose    d.  /   2. that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。i loves singers who _______(write) their own songs.she is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .3. 在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?a. which you bought    b. that you bought it   c. you bought    d. you bought it 4. 定语从句中whose 的确定： 无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、jim’s等），若没有，则用whose。the girl _____ parents work in beijing is kate.a. who    b. whose    c. which     d. that  i know the boy. his handwriting is very good.=  i know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.五、定语从句的简化  把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。1. she reveived a box which was full of presents. she reveived a box _____ _____ presents.2. he likes reading books that was written by luxun. he likes reading booking _____ ____ luxun.3. i like chinese tea which has nothing in it. i like chinese tea ______ _____ in it.4. do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress. do you know the girl ______ a red dress.

定语从句 篇12

(一) 知识概要 

定语从句并不属于中考范围，但由于作者在多年的教学中体会到，这一语法现象影响了许多学生自学英语。这些学生一般是成绩较好的学生，想进行大量阅读来提高自己的英语水平，但总是碰到一些问题，百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平，无法提高，但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的学生开设的，所以又投师无门。为了解决这部分学生的学习困难，也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路，特用这一节讲述定语从句，不是从语法上讲述，而是从阅读理解方面去讲述。可供同学们在学习时参考。这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用。对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了，如：a good book，形容词good 用来修饰书book。我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词，这种句子叫做形容词性从句，它起修饰名词的作用，又被叫做定语从句(the attributive clause)。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词，如：do you know the scientist who gave us the talk this afternoon? 这句中的主句是do you know the scientist? (你知道那位科学家吗?) 而who gave us the talk this afternoon (他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是：

你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里scientist 叫作先行词，而who 叫作定语从句的引导词。who 在定语从句中起主语的作用，who 的数与它的先行词相同。又如：you must do everything that i do这里先行词是 everything，而 that i do 是定语从句，此句应译为：你必须作我所作的一切。 that 叫作定语从句的引导词，在句中作 do 的宾语。引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose 和关系副词when，where，why，how。不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。①that 的先行词可以是人也可以是物。如：a plane is a machine that can fly这里先行词是machine 而that 是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。这句译为：飞机是一种会飞的机器。又如：i like the book (that) you lent me yesterday这里先行词是book，关系代词用that，它在定语从句中作lend (借)的宾语。要注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，即：i like the book you lent me yesterday ②which 关系代词的先行词只能是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如：the book shop is a shop which sells books这里 shop是先行词，which 在从句中作主语。又如：the book (which) i read last night was wonderful 这里主句是the book was wonderful 而定语从句是修饰主句的主语book，即我昨晚读的那本书，which 在定语从句中作read 的宾语，可以省略。③who，whom，whosewho 在定语从句中作主语，whom 是who 的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，而 whose 则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语，如：the man who visited our school yesterday is an american friend 昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。 who 在定语从句中作主语。又如：who's that woman (whom) you just talked to? 你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?而whom 作定语从句中介词to 的宾语，可以省略，而在现代英语中，句首的whom 也常常可用who代替。this is our classmate, mary, whose home is not far from our school 这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。为了便于理解，我们来看看是如何将两句话并为一句话的。

1. i saw the man. he closed the door

i saw the man who (that) closed the door

2. the girl is happy. she won the race

the girl who won the race is happy.

3. the students are from china. they sit in the front row.

the students who sit in the front row are from china

(要注意的是先行词是students 则who 的数也应看作复数。)

4. we are studying sentences. they contain adjective dause.

we are studying sentences that (which) contain adjective dause 

5. the taxi driver was friendly. he took me to the airport.

the taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly. 

6. the book was good. i read it

the book that i read was good.

the book i read was good. 

7. the people were very nice. we visited them yesterday.

the people we visited yesterday were very nice.

8. the man called the police. his wallet was stolen.

the man whose wallet was stolen called the police

9. i come from a country. its history goes back thousands of years.

i come from a country whose history goes back thousands of years.

10. i have to call the man. i picked up his umbrella after the meeting.

i have to call the man whose umbrella i picked up after the meeting.

关系代词whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom 与which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：

that was the room in which we had lived for ten years 或可以写作：

that was the room which we had lived in for ten years

he was the man whom(who) you were looking for要注意的是此句的关系代词 whom 可以用主格取代，而look for 是短语动词也不可将for 放于定语从句之前。that 作关系代词作介词宾语时，不能紧跟介词，而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如：the man that we were talking about has come to our school. 这时不可用 about that … 请看下面例句：

1. the meeting was interesting. i went to it.

the meeting that i went to was interesting. 

2. the man was very kind. i talked to him yesterday.

the man who i talked to yesterday was very kind

3. i must thank the people. i got a present from him.

i must thank the people who i got a present from.

4. the picture was beautiful. she was looking at it.

the picture that (which) she was looking at was beautiful.

5. the man is standing over there. i told you about him.

the man who i told you about is standing over there

除关系代词外，还有关系副词，when, where, why，其中when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：i never forget the day when i first came to the great wall. 而where 则指地点，如：this is the house where the old man lives. 请看下面例句：

1. the city was beautiful. we spent our vacation there.

the city where we spent our vacation was beautiful

2. that is the restaurant. i will meet you there.

that is the restaurant where i will meet you

3. the town is small. i grew up there.

the town where i grew up is small.

4. that is the drawer. i keep my newspapers there.

that is the drawer where i keep my newspapers.

5. monday is the day. we will come then.

monday is the day when we will came

6. 7:05 is the time. my plane arrives then.

7:05 is the time when my plane arrives.

7. 1960 is the year. the revolution took place then.

1960 is the year when the revolution took place.

8. july is the month. the weather is usually the hottest then.

july is the month when the weather is usually the hottest.

在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如：i was the only person in my office who was invited.

② 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对其附加说明，也就是讲即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句，如：abraham lincoln, who led the united states through these years, was shot on april 14, 1865 at a theatre in washington d. c. 又如：galileo lived in the city of pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.

定语从句 篇13

原创人：王萍   北大附中河南分校高一英语组

09年定语从句高考题

1. (09全国1) she brought with her three friends,none of _____i had ever met before.

a.them        b.who          c.whom        d.these

2. (09全国2) my friend showed me round the town,_____was vey kind of him.a.which        b.that           c.where         d.it

3. (北京)-----what do you think of teaching,bob?

-----i find it fun and challenging . it is a job ____ you are doingsomething serious but interesting.

a.where     b.which            c.when          d.that

4. (09湖南) i was born in new orleans, louisiana,a city _____name will create a picture of beautiful trees and greengrass in our mind.

a.which     b.of which           c.that           d.whose

5. (09湖南) gun control is a subject___-americans have argued for a long time.

a.ofwhich    b.withwhich       c.aboutwhich    d.into which

6. (09重庆) life is like a long race _____wecompete with others to go beyond ourselves.

a.why     b.what      c.that         d.where

7. (09山东) whenever i met her ,______ was fairlyoften, she greeted me with a sweet smile.

a.who      b.which     c.when        d.that

8. (09福建)it’s helplful to put children in asituation ____they can see themselves differently.

a.that    b.when     c.which      d.where

9. (09安徽) many children, ____parents are awayworking in big cities, are taken good care of in thevillage.

a.their   b.whose    c.of them   d.with whom

10. (09天津) a person _____e-mail account is fullwon’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.

a.who   b.whom    c.whose     d.whoever

11. (09辽宁)they’ve won their last three matches,______i find a bit surprising actually.

a.that    b.when      c.what       d.which

12 (_09浙江) i have reached a point in mylife_____i am supposed to make decisions of my own.

a.which    b.where       c.how      d.why

13. (09四川) she’ll never forget her stay there_____she found her son who had gone missing two yearsbefore.

a.that  b.which c.where   d.when

14. (09江西) the house ____i grew up has beentaken down and replaced by an office building.  

a.init     b.in      c.in that   d.in which

年定语从句的高考试题

1 . ( 安徽 26) all the neighbor admire thisfamily. ________the parents are treating their child like afriend.

a. why   b.where    c.which    d.that

2. ( 全国 2 1 6) the road conditions thereturned out to be very good, ______ was more than we couldexpect.

a. it     b.what     c.which    d.that

3. ( 北京 28) i’ ll give you y friend’s homeaddress, ______ i can be reached most evenings.

a. which   b. when    c.whom    d.where

4. ( 上海春季 37) villagers here depend on thefishing industry. _________ there won’t be much work

a. where   b. that   c. by which   d. withoutwhich

5. ( 上海卷 38) we went through a period______communications were very difficult in the rural areas

.a. which   b.whose    c. inwhich    d. withwhich

6. ( 重庆21 ) they will fly to washington,______ they plan to stay for two or three days.

a. where   b. there    c.which    d.when

7. ( 四川 4) for many cities in the world,there is no room to spread our further, _______ new york is anexample.

a. for which   b. in which    c.of which    d.from which

8. ( 浙江8) yesterday she sold her car,______ she bought a month ago.

a. whom   b.where    c.that    d. which

9. ( 福建 31 ) by nine o’ clock, all theolympic torch bearers had reached the top of mount qomolangma, ____appeared a rare rainbow soon.

a. of which   b. on which  c. from which   d. abovewhich

1 0. ( 湖南 31 ) the growing speed of a plantis influenced by a number of factors, ______ are beyond ourcontrol.

a. most of them   b. mostof which    c.most of what   d. most of that

11 . ( 江西 35) later in this chapter caseswill be introduced to readers __ consumer complaints have resultedin changes in the law.

a. where   b. when   c.who    d.which

1 2. ( 山东 26) occasions are quite rare ____i have the time to spend a day with my kids.

a. who   b. which   c. why   d.when

1 3. ( 江苏24) the science museum,____________ we visited during a recent trip to britain, is one oflondon’s tourist attractions.

a. which   b. what   c. that   d.where

定语从句 篇14

18. 定语从句

定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常

出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：

is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：

they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：

a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

the package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）

18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例如：

there are occasions when （on which） one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

beijing is the place where（in which） i was born.　北京是我的出生地。

is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer?　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：

his father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born.　他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

he is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago.

他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

this is the mountain village where i stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。

i'll never forget the days when i worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

判断改错：

（错） this is the mountain village where i visited last year.

（错） i will never forget the days when i spent in the countryside.

（对） this is the mountain village （which） i visited last year.

（对） i'll never forget the days （which） i spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

a. where　b. that　 c. on which　 d. the one

例2. is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

a. where　b. that　 c. on which　　d. the one

答案：例1 d，例2 a

例1变为肯定句： this museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句： this is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选d。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选a。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。

18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句

1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：

this is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

the house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：

charles smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.

查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

my house, which i bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　

我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

this novel, which i have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：

he seems not to have grasped what i meant, which greatly upsets me.

他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

18.5 介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：

this is the house in which i lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。

this is the house where i lived two years ago.

do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？

do you remember the day when you joined our club?

18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

as we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。

the sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。

典型例题　

1）alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

a. it　 b. that　 c. which　　d. he

答案c. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2）the weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

a. what　b. which　c. that　d. it

答案b。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。that 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3）it rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

a. that　b. which　　c. as　 d. it

答案b. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

（2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为b。

as 的用法

例1. the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如：

i have got into the same trouble as he （has）. 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。

例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如：

as we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。

as is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.

as是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

18.7 先行词和关系词二合一

1） whoever spits in public will be punished here. （whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）

2） the parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）

18.8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever

1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：

what you want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。

whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。

2） who= the person that　 whoever= anyone who。例如：

（错）who breaks the law will be punished.

（错）whoever robbed the bank is not clear.

（对）whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法，与庶民同罪。

（对）who robbed the bank is not clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。

3） that 和 what　

当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。what只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：

i think（that）you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。

what we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。

18.9 关系代词that 的用法

1）不用that的情况

a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：

（错）the tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b） 介词后不能用。例如：

we depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。

we depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2） 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a）　在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b）　在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c）　先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。　

d）　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.

e）　先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：

all that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。

finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

定语从句 篇15

（精品推荐）XX届高考二轮复习英语学案--专题十 定语从句

【典例精析】

1.（09天津）a person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.

a. who          b. whom            c. whose         d. whoever

【解析】c 考查定语从句的用法。分析先行词和定语从句的关系发现先行词在定语从句中作定语，故选c符合。

2.（09天津）i travel to the binhai new area by light railway every day, _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown tianjin.

a. as          b. which            c. when          d. though

【解析】a  考查as连接的倒装句式。按照句意此处as有正如，正像的意思，故as符合。

3.（09陕西）gun control is a subject     americans have argued for a long time.

a. of which    b. with which       c. about which    d. into which

【解析】c 考查定语从句，先行词是gun control，指物，关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，选c。

4.（09四川）she’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.

a. that        b. which            c. where          d. when

【解析】d 考查定语从句的用法。her stay为先行词，可以理解为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期间），when指代her stay在定语从句中做时间状语。

5.（09浙江）i have reached a point in my life ______ i am supposed to make decisions of my own.

a. which  b. where   c. how    d. why

【解析】b  考查定语从句关系副词的选择。分析句式in my life为插入成分；point为先行词，在定语从句中先行词做地点状语，意思为“我应该做出我自己决定的地方（某一点）”

6.（09北京）—what do you think of teacher ,bob？

—i find it fun and challenging. it is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting.

a. where       b. which            c. when            d. that

【解析】a  考查定语从句用法。分析定语从句主谓宾完整，说明应该填关系副词，先行词为a job，定语从句的意思是在这个工作中……，所以答案用where引导的定语从句。

7.（09福建）it’s helpful to put children in a situation         they can see themselves differently.

a. that        b. when             c. which           d. where

【解析】d 考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选d。

8.（09安徽）a good friend of mine from           i was born showed up at my home right before i left for beijing.

a. how         b. whom             c. when             d. which

【解析】c 考查定语从句用法。本题对学生来说较难,不容易看的懂.本句意为“就在我准备去北京前,我儿时的一位好朋友到我家里来了.”

9.（09安徽）many children，          parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.

a. their      b. whose             c. of them           d. with whom

【解析】b  本题考察定语从句的用法,属于较容易题.明显表达为”他们的父母”

10.（09湖南）i was born in new orleans, louisiana, a city        name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.

a. which      b. of which  c. that  d. whose

【解析】d 考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中充当定语，意思为这个城市的名字。

11.（09全国2 ）my friend showed me round the town,       was very kind of him.

a. which      b. that              c. where              d. it

【解析】a 考查非限制性定语从句(这儿的which指代前面整句话内容。

12.（09江西）6. the house i grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

a. in it      b. in                c. in that            d. in which

【解析】b 考查定语从句。the house ( which / that i grew up in ) , 主语后面紧跟的是定语从句。

13.（09海南）7. she brought with her three friends, none of            i had ever met before.

a. them       b. who               c. whom              d. these

【解析】c。 考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句。句意为：她带着她的三个朋友，他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。表示“部分的词语+of+关系代词” 在非限制性定语从句指人只能用whom。

14.（09山东）8. whenever i met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.

a. who         b. which           c. when               d. that

【解析】b非限制性定语从句，指代前面一个句子，故用which.

【专题突破】总体做题采用还原法：即把先行词还原到定语从句里边，看一下做什么成分、指人、物；做主语、宾语还是状语等即可突破，具体说：

1. 根据句子结构划出定语从句（划完后必须是两个独立的句子）。

2. 根据先行词的特点、功能进一步选择。

⑴如果先行词在定语从句中主、宾语，则选关系代词。

⑵如果先行词在定语从句中做状语，则用关系副词。

3. 根据先行词的具体用法进一步选择。

1.the english play __________ my students acted at the new year’s party was a great success.

a. for which       b. at which        c. in which          d. on which

2. helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, __________, of course, made the others envy him.

a. who          b. that             c. what           d. which

3. if a shop has chairs __________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.

a. that           b. which            c. when           d. where

4.women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t.

a. who ;  不填   b. 不填 ; who   c. who ;  who      d. 不填; 不填

5.the beatles,  ________  many of you are old enough to remember, came from liverpool.

a. what         b. that               c. how             d. as

6. some pre-school children go to a day care center,____ they learn simple games and songs.

a. then          b. there              c. while            d. where

7. the book was written in 1946, ____ the education system has witnessed great charges.

a.when        b.during which       c.since then          d.since when

8. the science museum, ________ we visited during a recent trip to britain, is one of london’s tourist attractions.

a. which         b. what               c. that                d. where

9. yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.

a. when         b. where               c. that               d. which

10. by nine o’clock, all the olympic torch bearers had reached the top of mount qomolangma, _______appeared a rare rainbow soon.

a. of which       b. on which            c. from which        d. above which

参考答案和详解：

1.【解析】c根据句子意思需选择介词in，从而构成act in the play。关系代词在此是指english play，指物，因此选择in which。注意：如果定语从句谓语动词为介词动词也就是由动词+介词构成的短语，那么介词必须后置，不能与动词拆开置于关系代词前面。

2.【解析】d这是一句非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个句子helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，且从句中行为动词made是主动语态，因此选择which。

3.【解析】d此题答案是。这里的关系副词指代on chairs，指地点，因此选择where。不要误以为chair在句中是做主语或者宾语，在做此类题时一定要结合定语从句要表达的意思，做到“瞻前顾后”。

4.【解析】c审明句意：每天和多于两杯咖啡的女性比那些没有改习惯的女性得心脏病的可能性要大得多。 在本题中的who都是引导定语从句，指代人，在定语从句中做主语，所以都不能省略。

5.【解析】d本题考查在实际语境中对于非限制性定语从句的应用能力。as引导定语从句，在从句中做remember的宾语，指代的是the beatles“披头士乐队”。what引导名词性从句，在句中做主语宾语或表语，that引导限制性定语从句， how引导名词性从句。

6.【解析】d本题中用where引导定语从句，先行词是a day care center，where在定语从句中做地点状语。注意then和there是副词，不能引导定语从句。while虽然是连词，但是只能用来连接状语从句。

7.【解析】d在本题中用since when引导定语从句。因为句中的谓语has witnessed是现在完成时,所以要用since when。when指代上文中的in 1946,表示“这本书是1946年写的,从那以后,教育体制发生了巨大变化”。

8.【解析】a本题考查的重点是非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时，应用which而不用that，the science museum 虽然是一个地点名词，但是在本句中的定语从句里做的是宾语而不是地点状语所以不能用where,尤其注意visit是一个及物动词。

9.【解析】d本题考查的是非限制性定语从句。题中空格前面主句中的先行词是car，空格后面定语从句的谓语动词bought后面缺一个宾语，只能选用关系代词。a项when和 b项where都是关系副词，可以予以排除，c项that不能用于非限制性定语从句中。故选d。

10.【解析】d考查非限制性定语从句的介词＋which的用法，原句可还原成…a rare rainbow appeared above …。根据选项我们已经知道了考查的大方向，就是需要我们找到合适的介词搭配。

【学法导航】根据考纲要求，考生在复习备考时要弄清定语从句的先行词与关系词的关系；关系代词、关系副词的选择和运用；限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的用法以及强调句式和同位语从句和定语从句的区别。把握命题规律，一般定语从句的命题热点内容如下：

1.that与which的选用；that与where/when的选用；

2.“介词+which/whom”结构中介词的选用；

3.“介词+which”与when/where间的区别与联系；

4.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别；

5.“不定代词/数词+of which/whom”与“不定代词/数词+of them” 的选用；

6.定语从句中的主谓一致现象。 1定语从句可以说是各地高考必然首先考虑的重要考点，在题目设计的过程中，势必会以“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句为热点，以非限制性定语从句为重点，以关系副词where引导的定语从句为难点。

7.在疑问句中或倒装句中考查定语从句

8. 通过拆分词组和固定搭配或者添加插入语或状语来考查定语从句

做到了以上几点就能轻松拿到定语从句的分数。

【专题综合】1.the town  _______  we visited last month is the one  _______  the famous painter was born.

a.where; which    b.which; where       c.which; that      d.where; where

2.we went to mountain tai last weekend, ________, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors.

a. that             b. which              c. where           d. when

3.we hope that the measures to control the stock market, ____ are taken by the government, will work.

a. that             b. where              c. which            d. what

4.many factors influence a student in his/her study, ____ i think are out of a teacher’s control.

a. most of them     b. most of which        c. most of what        d. most of that

5.— obama won the election. it’s amazing!

— yes. but the result was within ______ we had expected, ______ brought great joy to many young people and the black.

a. that; which        b. that; that           c. what; what        d. what; which

6.he’s got himself into a dangerous situation _________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.

a. where           b. which              c. while             d. why

7.it was in the factory  _______  his friend worked  _______  he picked up a lot of experience.

a. where, where     b. that, where           c. that, that            d. where, that

8.today the public is much concerned about the way _______ .

a.nature is being ruined                    b.which nature is ruined

c.on which to ruin nature                   d.of nature to be ruined

9.young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations ________ appear in the working world.

a. where           b. when               c. that                d. what

10.is it the years  _______  you worked in africa as a doctor  _______  have a great effect on your literary works?

a. that; where       b. that; that             c. when; where          d. when; that 

11. was it in the waiting room ______ only allows mothers-to-be to enter that you lost your wallet?

a. /               b. where                c. that                 d. when

12 obama,  _______  life was once hard when he was young, were elected president of american.

a. for whom        b. who                  c. to whom            d. /

13    _______ has been announced, our government will take more measures to make the falling economics recover as soon as possible.

a that           b as                     c it                  d what

14. lee yu chun was titled as the top thin beauty in ansia ,  _______ caused a lot of disagreements in the field of entertainment.

a. that            b. which                  c as                   d it

15 there were so many attractions in disney park. after lunch we came to a place, _______ stood a big tower.

a. which           b. that                    c. /                  d. where

16. a political advisor suggested giving out red pockets to the whole nation directly to encourage economics，_____i believe is of great value.

a that             b. /                       c. which              d. why

17 is this the website_______  you want to have ____ into your files to help you learn english?

a. who; to add      b. that; add   c. whom; adding      d. that; added

18.we have heard of many cases _______  some citizens ，especially some famous people， have suffered because personal information had been leaked.

a. why            b. which                    c. as               d. where

19. tony showed me his new cell phone,  _______  was small but it could change colors in different weather.   

a. the screen of whom b. whom the screen of  c. which the screen of d. the screen of which

20.i will never forget the day _______ i came to my university and the day ______  i spent in a new city.

a. when; which     b. which;  when  c. what; that        d. on which; when

参考答案和解析：

1.【解析】b注意在第一个空后面的定语从句里的visit是一个及物动词，所以the town在定语从句里做的是visit的宾语，所以第一个空我们可以用that, which或者省略。第二个空的先行词the one指代的还是the town,但是此时the town在定语从句里做的是地点状语，所以要用where来引导定语从句。

2.【解析】b这里从总的方面来看考查的非限制性定语从句，我们找到定语从句的先行词，根据空格后面的was crowded with visitors我们可以判断这个定语从句的先行词应该是在山上人有很多而不是指时间，所以不能用when。

3.【解析】c本题考查的非限制性定语从句，句子的主干表达的意思是我们希望控制证券市场的措施会生效。那么… are taken by the government就是个定语从句来解释stock market，证券市场在非限制性定语从句中做的是主语，所以不能用where来引导从句。

4.【解析】b这个句子尤其要注意区分a和b选项的不同，只要我们注意了标点符号就知道这并不是个并列句，所以不能选a。因为是逗号，说明后面是个非限制性定语从句，这里考查的是介词＋which的用法，原句可还原成…most of the factors …。

5.【解析】d第一个空考查的是what引导的名词性从句在句子里做的是within这个介词的宾语，第二个空是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，这里的which指代的是奥巴马当选总统这件事。

6.【解析】a句意“他使得自己处于非常危险的境况中，（在这个境况中）他可能失去对飞机的控制”，所选择的关联词应该在定语从句中作地点状语，表示in the situation。注意：where这个词不仅仅可以表地点，某人/物的情况、某事发展的阶段、某事的某个方面都可以用where这个关系副词来表达。

7.【解析】d本题是把定语从句放到了强调结构里来考查，第一个空是由where引导的定语从句解释说明the factory，在定语从句里做的是地点状语。第二个空是it was ….that…强调结构。

8.【解析】a这里考查定语从句里的特殊情况就是当先行词是the way的时候，关系代词可以是that, in which或者省略。a选项就是符合第三种情况。

9.【解析】c注意在本句里的situation是先行词，在空格后的定语从句里缺少的是主语，而且指的是物，所以该空我们可以用which或者that，但是不管用什么都不能省略。

10.【解析】d该题既做到了把定语从句放到疑问句中，又做到了把定语从句放到强调结构里进行考查。第一个空是个定语从句，先行词是the year，when在定语从句里是时间状语；第二个空是it is …that…强调结构。

11.【解析】c在考查定语从句的时候利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择比较常见。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。在这个定语从句中的先行词是room, that在定语从句里做主语。

12.【解析】a这是一个非限制性定语从句，还考查到了“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。根据句子意思需选择介词for, 从而构成be hard for obama. for的宾语是指人，这时就只能用whom。

13.【解析】b这是一句非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个句子we shall have our final exams next month，且位于句首，因此选择as。在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但注意as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

14.【解析】b在引导非限制性定语从句时，as和which都可以用来指代前面整句所表达的内容。 as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态；如果从句中的行为动词是主动语态，一般用which做主语，所以正确选项应为b。

15.【解析】d在本句中为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，对于这种情况，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。这里是非限制性定语从句解释前面的the place.

16.【解析】c在考查定语从句时会利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：i think （suppose, expect, believe, imagine）, in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时我们可以先删去插入语或状语，找出句子的主干。在该句中先行词是discovery，which是在引导非限制性定语从句，在句子里做主语。

17.【解析】d非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词会增加考查定语从句的难度。对这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。本句还原后应是：you want to have the website added into your files to help you learn english.先行词是the website, 因为在定语从句里做宾语，所以可以用that, which或者省略，但是第二个空只能用added， 因为还考查到了have something done， 这里是网站被添加到收藏夹。

18.【解析】d定语从句的先行词cases在此意为“实例，情况”，根据从句的意思“在这些例子中（情境中）……”，先行词在从句中应该担当状语成分，表示in many cases，所以用where 来引导表示地点的定语从句。

19.【解析】d从四个选项的设置不难看出是考察介词加关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。再从先行词watch可看出是指物，可排除a和b。c项中关系代词应放在介词之后，如改为of which the screen或者whose screen也是可以的。

20.【解析】a在本句中两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。

定语从句 篇16

语法复习四：定语从句

（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导

1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as

2、关系副词：when, where, why

关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，    同时在从句中又充当句子成分。

e.g. she is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）

the comrade with whom i came knows french.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）

3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。

（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

e.g. i was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）

2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。

e.g. tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）

（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题

1、that与which的区别。

1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。

e.g. there is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

the first place that they visited in guilin was elephant trunk hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

this is the best film that i have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。

mr smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。

2）用which而不用 that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。

e.g. he had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。 

this is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。

3）as引导定语从句时的用法

①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。

e.g. i want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。

such machines as are used in our workshop are made in china. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as i expect 等。

e.g. as i expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。

3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别

①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。

e.g. he made a long speech, as we expected.

he made a long speech, which was unexpected.

②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。

e.g. tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.

2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。

e.g. the man who lives downstairs speaks english fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。

the students who are in grade three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。

e.g. there is an expression in his eyes that i can’t understand.

4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。

e.g. october 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the people’s republic of china was founded.

5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。

e.g. the sick man whom she is looking after is her father.

6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。

e.g. the man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.

练习、定语从句

一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：

1. the fan is on the desk. you want it.

2. the man is in the next room. he brought our textbooks here yesterday.

3. the magazine is mine. he has taken it away.

4. the students will not pass the exam . they don’t study hard.

5. the woman is our geography teacher. you saw her in the park.

6. the letter is from my sister. i received it yesterday.

7. the play was wonderful. we saw it last night.

8. the train was late. it was going to nanning.

9. the boy is my brother. he was here a minute ago.

10. the tree is quite tall. he is climbing it.

11. here is the girl. her brother works in this shop.

12. that’s the child. we were looking at his drawing just now.

13. this is the boy. his sister is a famous singer.

14. i want to talk to the boys. their homework haven’t been handed in.

15. is that the woman? her daughter is in my class.

16. he used to live in a big house. in front of it grew many banana trees.

17. they passed a factory. at the back of the factory there were rice fields.

18. the soldier ran to the building. on the top of it flew a flag.

19. in the evening they arrived at a hill. at the foot of the hill there was a temple.

20. she came into a big room. in the middle of it stood a large table.

二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:

1. the person ________  ________ i spoke just now is the manager that i told you about.

2. the pencil ________  ________ he was writing broke.

3. wu dong, ________  ________ i went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.

4. the two things ________  ________ marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of english.

5. her bag, ________  ________ she put all her books, has not been found.

6. the stories about the long march, ________  ________ this is one example, are well written.

三、选择填空：

1. the man ____ visited our school yesterday is from london.

a. who   b. which   c. whom   d. when

2. the woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.

a. whose   b. who   c. whom   d. which

3. because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.

a. that   b. which   c. what   d. as

4. do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?

a. when   b. where    c. which   d. who

5. tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.

a. which   b. that   c. whom   d. as

6. those ____ want to go please sign their names here.

a. whom   b. which   c. who   d. when

7. where is the man ____ i met this morning?

a. when   b. where   c. which   d. who

8. who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?

a. who   b. /    c. that   d. when

9. the man ____ you talked just now is a worker.

a. who   b. whom  c. to whom   d. to who

10. the man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.

a. with whom   b. when   c. to whom  d. which

11. the doctor ____ is leaving for africa next month.

a. the nurse is talking to him   b. whom the nurse is talking

c. the nurse is talking to    d. who the nurse is talking

12. the man ____ around our school is from america.

a. which you showed b. you showed him  c. you showed  d. where you showed

13. he talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.

a. of whom  b. from whom  c. about that  d. who

14. in fact the swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in french.

a. where   b. who   c. in which  d. which

15. have you read the book ____ i lent to you?

a. that   b. whom   c. when   d. whose

16. finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.

a. that    b. which    c. whatever  d. all

17. the foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.

a. most of them b. most of that  c. most of whom d. most of those

18. this is the very letter ____came last night.

a. who   b. which   c. that   d. as

19. i know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than i.

a. whoever  b. whomever  c. anyone  d. the one

20. this is the school ____ we visited three days ago.

a. where   b. /    c. when   d. what

21. this is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.

a. where   b. that   c. which   d. on which

22. nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.

a. which   b. in which  c. that   d. /

23. jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.

a. that, what  b. what, that  c. which, what  d. that, which

24. do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?

a. that   b. which   c. its   d. whose

25. in the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.

a. whom   b. who   c. to whom  d. form whom

26. is this school ____ we visited three years ago?

a. the one  b. which   c. that   d. where

27. is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?

a. the one  b. where   c. in which  d. /

28, how many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?

a. whose   b. who    c. whom   d. which

29. alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.

a. it    b. which   c. that   d. he

30. the train was crowded and i had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.

a. when there were  b. which there were  c. that there were  d. where there were

31. i live in the house ____ windows face south.

a. which   b. whose   c. where   d. in that

32. ---- what game is popular with them?   ---- the ____ most is tennis.

a. game they like it  b. game they like c. best game they like d. best game they like it

33. they stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine i had.

a. which   b. which time  c. during which time d. during which

34. the room ____ mr white lives is not very large.

a. that   b. which   c. where   d. when

35. don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the youth league.

a. when   b. that   c. at which  d. where

36. i’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.

a. that   b. what   c. which   d. when

37. he returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.

a. which   b. as    c. that   d. it

38. ____ we is known to all, english is not very difficult to learn.

a. what   b. as    c. that   d. which

39. the old man had three sons, all of ____ died during world war ⅱ.

a. whose   b. that   c. whom   d. who

40. i have bought two pens, ____ write well.

a. none of which b. neither of which  c. both of which d. all of which

41. do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?

a. why   b. which   c. for that  d. of which

42. he failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.

a. which   b. what   c. it    d. that

43. during the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.

a. following  b. followed  c. to follow  d. that followed

44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.

a. it    b. which   c. as   d. that

45. he studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.

a. that was what b. what was that c. and which was d. which was what

46. we should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.

a. when   b. as    c. whose   d. what

47. you must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.

a. when   b. as    c. whose   d. what

48. he is absent ____ is often the case.

a. what   b. which   c. who   d. as

49. it is the first time ____ i have come to your city.

a. that   b. which   c. what   d. when

50. who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.

a. who   b. that   c. whom   d. which

51. i shall never forget those years ____ i lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.

a. that, which  b. when, which c. which, that  d. when, who

52. this is the only book ____ i can find.

a. that   b. which   c. it    d. with which

53. i don’t like ____ you speak to her.

a. the way  b. the way in that  c. the way which  d. the way of which

54. that is one of those books that ____ worth reading.

a. is    b. are   c. has    d. have

55. this is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.

a. is    b. are   c. has    d. have

56. there was ____ to prevent the accident.

a. something could do    b. anything we could do  

c. nothing we couldn’t do   d. nothing we could do

参考答案

语法复习四：定语从句

一、1. the fan that you want is on the desk.  2. the man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room.  3. the magazine which he has taken away is mine.  4. the students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam.  5. the woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher.  6. the letter i received yesterday is from my sister.  7. the play that we saw last night was wonderful.  8. the train which was going to nanning was late.  9. the boy who was here a minute ago is my brother.  10. the tree he is climbing is quite tall.  11. here is the girl whose brother works in this shop.  12. that’s the child whose drawing we were looking at just now.  13. this is the boy whose sister is a favous singer.  14. i want to talk to the boy whose homework hasn’t been handed in.  15. is that the woman whose daughter is in my class?  16. he used to live in a big house, in front of which grew many banana trees.  17. they passed a factory, at the back of which there were rice fields.  18. the soldier ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag.  19. in the evening they arrived at a hill, at the foot of which there was a temple.  20. she came into a big room, in the middle of which stood a large table.

二、1. to whom; 2. wiht which; 3. with whom; 4. about which; 5. in which; 6. of which

三、1~5 abacd  6~10 cdcca  11~15 ccada  16~20 accab  21~25 abbdc 

26~30 adabd  31~35 bbdca  36~40 cabcc  41~45 aadcd  46~50 bbdab